The Cell Flashcards
What are inclusions?
Accumulations of material that is not metabolically active
What phospholipids is the biological membrane built of?
Choline phospholipids, amine phospholipids, phosphatidylinositol
What are the key features of glycolipids in the biological membrane?
Have sugar residues, occur in the outer layer of the bilayer, participate in the formation of glycocalyx
What are the two classes of membrane proteins?
Peripheral (attached to phospholipids or transmembrane proteins) and Transmembrane (multi-pass or single-pass)
What functional classes of membrane proteins are there?
Transporters, linkers, receptors, enzymes
What types of controlled transport across the biological membrane are there?
Channels, carriers, pumps, translocons, ABC transporters
What types of channels are there?
Voltage-gated, ligand-gated, mechanically-gated
What is meant by uniport?
When carriers and pumps only transport one substance
What is meant by antiport?
When 2 substances are transported in opposite directions at the same time
What is meant by symport?
When 2 substances are transported in the same direction at the same time
What do translocons do?
They allow proteins to pass across the bio membrane in unfolded state
What do ABC transporters do?
They transport large molecules like drugs and peptides
What is the anterograde pathway?
ER —> Golgi —> Cell membrane
What is the retrograde pathway?
Cell membrane —> endosomes —> lysosomes
What are lipid rafts?
A specialized area of the cell membrane that is rich in cholesterol and glycolipids. The rafts are rigid and “float” in the lipid belayer. They carry sets of proteins which require close proximity to each other to function
