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Histology > Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What junctions are in Terminal bars?

A

Tight junction, zonula adherens, desmosomes

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2
Q

What junctions are in intercalated disks?

A

Zonula adherens (modified), desmosomes, gap junctions

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3
Q

What are the 2 functions of basal cell membrane infoldings?

A

Increase surface area and intense transport of molecules across the basal cell membrane

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4
Q

How are mitochondria oriented in basal cell membrane infoldings?

A

Vertically

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5
Q

What is the only form of extracellular substance in the epithelial tissue?

A

Basal lamina

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6
Q

What are the proteins in basal lamina?

A

Laminin, collagen IV, entactin

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7
Q

What is the proteoglycan that can be found in basal lamina?

A

Perlecan

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8
Q

What is the basement membrane composed of?

A

Basal lamina and reticular layer produced by CT

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9
Q

What makes a gland exocrine?

A

Secretion through ducts

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10
Q

What makes a gland endocrine?

A

Secretion directly to the bloodstream

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11
Q

What makes a gland simple?

A

A single, unbranched duct

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12
Q

What makes a gland compound?

A

Multiple branched ducts

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13
Q

What is an eccrine mode of secretion?

A

Secretion by exocytosis

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14
Q

What is an apocrine mode of secretion?

A

Secretion of lipid droplets by pinching off of a part of a cell from the apical surface

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15
Q

What is a holocrine mode of secretion?

A

Cells accumulate the secretory material, die and break down and liberate the material

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16
Q

What forms of epithelial tissues are there?

A

Linings and glands

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17
Q

Is epithelial tissue vascular or avascular?

A

Avascular

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18
Q

What are the functions of epithelium?

A

Protection, absorption, secretion, transport control, sensation

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19
Q

What is the main function of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Transport control

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20
Q

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

A

Vessels, peritoneum and pleura, pulmonary alveoli, Bowman’s capsule

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21
Q

What are the main functions of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Resorption and secretion

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22
Q

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?

A

Renal tubes, glands and ducts, lens epithelium, ovary-covering epithelium

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23
Q

What are the main functions of simple columnar epithelium?

A

Resorption, secretion, protection, transport control

24
Q

Where is simple columnar epithelium found?

A

Alimentary tract, bile ducts, female genital tract, larger excretory ducts of glands

25
Q

What are the main functions of pseudostratified epithelium?

A

Protection, secretion, sensation

26
Q

Where is pseudostratified epithelium found?

A

Respiratory tract, epididymal duct, taste buds

27
Q

What is the main function of stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Protection

28
Q

Where is KERATINIZED stratified squamous epithelium found?

A

Epidermis

29
Q

Where is NONKERATINIZED stratified squamous epithelium found?

A

Oral cavity, throat, esophagus, anus, vagina, cornea

30
Q

What is the main function of transitional (stratified) epithelium?

A

Protection

31
Q

Where is transitional (stratified) epithelium found?

A

Urinary tract

32
Q

How do cells regenerate in simple epithelia?

A

Through apoptosis and replacement by newly differentiated cells

33
Q

How do cells regenerate in stratified epithelia?

A

Cells continuously migrate from basal to superficial layer, and old cells detach from the superficial layer

34
Q

What filaments are in microvilli?

A

Actin filaments

35
Q

What is the function of microvilli?

A

Increase in apical membrane surface area

36
Q

How is active bending of cilia generated?

A

By movement of dynein arms

37
Q

What is responsible for passive backstroke of cilium?

A

Elastic nexin

38
Q

What are the main function of cilia?

A

Movement and transport

39
Q

What do nonmotile cilia act as?

A

Mechanosensors

40
Q

What filaments are in stereocilia?

A

Actin filaments

41
Q

What transmembrane proteins are present in tight junctions?

A

Claudins, occludins, nectin, JAMs

42
Q

What are the functions of zonula occludens?

A

Prevention of uncontrolled passage of substances and maintaining polarisation of epithelial cells

43
Q

What do adhesion belts connect?

A

Cell membranes and cytoskeletons of adjacent cells

44
Q

What linker proteins are in zonula adherens?

A

Cadherins

45
Q

What filaments are in adhesion belts?

A

Actin filaments

46
Q

What linker proteins are in desmosomes?

A

Desmogleins

47
Q

What filaments are in desmosomes?

A

Intermediate filaments

48
Q

What junctions are NOT cell-cell but cell-extracellular matrix?

A

Focal contacts and hemidesmosomes

49
Q

What linker proteins are in focal contacts?

A

Integrins

50
Q

What filaments are in focal contacts?

A

Actin filaments

51
Q

What linker proteins are in hemidesmosomes?

A

Integrins

52
Q

What filaments are in hemidesmosomes?

A

Intermediate filaments

53
Q

What linker protein complexes are in gap junctions?

A

Connexons

54
Q

What filaments are in gap junctions?

A

None. No cytoskeleton involvement. Hehe

55
Q

What is the function of gap junctions?

A

Propagation of stimuli between adjacent cells and direct exchange of metabolites and signalling molecules (passage of small molecules from the cytoplasm of one cell to the adjacent one)

56
Q

What type of junctions is calcium ion concentration crucial for?

A

Gap junctions

Histology (6 decks)

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