The Cardiovascular System Flashcards
How much blood is in the human body?
About 5L
Percentages of each component in the blood?
- 55% Plasma
- 45% Red Blood Cells
- Less than 1% White Blood Cells
- Less than 1% Platelets
What is plasma?
- Liquid component of blood
- Mostly water
- Transports
* RBC,
* WBC,
* Platelets,
* Nutrients,
* Antibodies,
* Hormones,
* Waste (Urea, co2)
What are platelets?
- Pieces of blood cells
- No defined shape
- No nucleus
- Life span of approx. 10 days
- Form scabs
How do platelets work?
Accumulate in damaged blood vessel
Produce fibrous filaments (to seal the wound).
What are red blood cells?
- Most common solid component of blood
- Biconcabe shape; flexible
* turn sharp corners
* squeeze into small blood vessels (capillaries) - If deformed (sickle cell anemia)
- accumalate
- block blood flow (clot) - Live approx. 120 days
- constantly produced in bone marrow
- contain hemoglobin
- Proteins
- Transports o2
- Gives blood its colour - Reaches alveoli:
- Gas exchanged co2 – o2
- o2 = Bright red
- co2 = Dark red (brownish)
Represented as blue, ITS NOT
What are White Blood Cells?
- Only blood cells with a nucleus
- Rounded shape
- Bigger than red blood cells
- Few in quantity that red blood cells
- Increases with infection - Protect
- Neutralize pathogens
- Bacteria and viruses - Destroy dead / damaged cells
Uses of vaccines:
- Stimulate the immune system
- Make specific antibodies
- Prevent disease
Whats is a vaccine?
Weak or dead pathogens.
What are the 2 ways to produce anti-bodies?
- Vaccine
- Disease
3 kinds of vaccines
- Attenuated vaccine
- Inactivated vaccine
- Genetic engineering
What is an attenuated vaccine?
- Weakened
- Doesn’t cause the disease
- Recogmized by the body
- Fights MMR
*Mumps, measles, rubella
What is an inactivated vaccine?
- Dead pathogen
- Stimulate immune system
- Fights:
*Whooping cough, typhoid, etc.
What is a genetically engineered vaccine?
- modifies a pathogens genes
- Fights:
*Covid-19 vaccine, Hepatitis A&B
Blood Types:
- Everyone has a blood type
- ABO system, most common blood-type classification system
*A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, O- - Inherited through genetics
Important words:
Antigens – Get attacked
Antibodies – Attack
Agglutination – Clotting, precipotation?
Review notes!
What is Lymph
- Liquid
- Mostly water
- Circulates lymphatic vessels
What do lymph nodes do?
- Filled with WBC
- Filter water
- Collect bacteria and viruses
The Lymphatic system carries lymoh through
A NETWORK OF
- Vessels
- Organs
- Lymph nodes
The Lymphatic System transports
- Lymph
- Antibodies
- WBC
How does it work
The lymphatic system?
- Similar to blood vessels, but they carry lymph
- Circulates through the contraction of muscles on the lymphatic vessels
Infection
How does the lymphatic system react
- Lymph nodes harden/swell
Another name for lymph nodes
ganglions
Where are lymph nodes?
- Neck
- Armits
- Groin
The Lymphatic system also includes…
- Thuymus (above heart)
- Bone Marrow (center of big bones)
- Spleen (left of stomach, below diaphragm)
- Tonsils (Side of pharynx)
Heart Facts
- Made of muscle tissue
- Pump
- Based on electircal impulses
- Valve – one way
What is the circulatory system made of
- blood vessels: Capillaries, viens, arteries.
- blood
Heart is
- muscle
- pump
- 60+ contractions / min
- size of fist
- between lungs
- protected by rib cage
What are arteries?
- Thick muscular walls (pressure enduring)
- Largest artery = aorta
- Smoothe interior
- Take blood out of the heart
- Divides into smaller arteries – aterioles — capillaries
What are capillaries?
- Small blood vessels
- Walls - one row of cells
- Diffusion, absorbs nutrients & o2
- carry WBC
What are viens?
- Less elastic tha. arteries
- Lowers blood pressures
- returns blood to the heart
- valves - one way
- viens need help from muscle contractions
Explain the process of a vaccine:
- Identify invading pathogen, read antigen
- Duplicate white blood cell
- Produce antibodies against the invading pathogen
- Produce white blood cells to engulf pathogen
- Memorize/remember pathogen, and antibodies necessary
