Biology: Grade 9. Science IB; Digestive System Unit Flashcards
What are the 4 forms of energy?
- Chemical Energy
- Mechanical Energy
- Thermal energy
- Radiant Energy
Define Chemical Energy
It is a form of energy found in the bonds that keep the atom of a molecule together.
Define Mechanical Energy
It is a form of energy related to motion.
Define Thermal Energy
It is a form of energy cause by the motion of the particles in matter.
Define Radiant Energy
It is the form of energy contained in light and other electromagnetic waves.
What is law of of conservation of energy?
Energy can be transformed (changed from one form to another) or transferred (passed along from one body to another).
Formula for Cellular Respiration
glucose + oxygen
–>
carbon dioxide + water
What is cellular respiration?
We get energy from eating and oxidation.
We breathe in oxygen; oxygen is used to oxidize the nutrients (burn calories). This reaction produces CO 2, water, and energy. We call this, cellular respiration; it allows the chemical energy stored in the bonds between the atoms in a molecule to be released.
Name the nutrients we need:
- Carbohydrates
- Fats
- Proteins
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Water
- Fibre (Not a nutrient)
What function do carbohydrates serve to us?
They contain starches or other substances that release sugars during digestion. They are quickly transformed into energy by the body.
What function do fats serve us?
They provide the body with energy and store it. They also insulate the body and protect vital organs. Fats that come from an animal source are called saturated fats. Saturated fats can raise the cholesterol level if eaten in large quantities. Unsaturated fats come from plant sources and are a healthier source of fats.
What function do proteins serve us?
They are big molecules made of long chains of amino acids. They allow the body to repair and build cells. They also provide energy when there are not enough fats or carbohydrates.
What function do vitamins serve to us?
They are vital for various body functions and to help regulate metabolism and chemical reactions in the body. There are 13 kinds of vitamins.
What function do minerals serve to us?
They are simple chemical elements. Minerals make up various tissues like cartilage, teeth, bones, and nerves.
What function does water serve to us?
A pure substance that makes up 60% of the body. It is important to many chemical reactions, regulates metabolism, and helps to carry substances to different parts of the body.
What function does fibre serve us?
It cleans the digestive system.