The Cardiac Cycle

Question 1

Diastole

Answer 1

Relaxation

Question 2

Systole

Answer 2

Contration

Question 3

Late diastole

Answer 3

Both sets of chambers are relaxed and ventricle fill passively

Question 4

Atrial systole

Answer 4

Atrial contraction forces a small amount of additional blood into ventricles

Question 5

Isovolumic ventricular contraction

Answer 5

First phase of ventricular contraction pushes AV valves closed but does not create enough pressure to open semilunar valves

Question 6

Semilunar valves

Answer 6

Pulmonary and aortic valves (artery valves)

Question 7

AV valves

Answer 7

Atrium-ventricle valves

Question 8

Ventricular ejection

Answer 8

As ventricular pressure rises and exceeds pressure in the arteries, the semilunar valves open and blood is ejected

Question 9

Isovolumic ventricular relaxation

Answer 9

As ventricles relax, pressure in ventricles falls, blood flows back into cusps of semilunar valves and snaps them closed

Question 10

Systolic pressure

Answer 10

Pressure in arteries during contraction of heart = 120mmHg

Question 11

Diastolic pressure

Answer 11

Pressure of arteries during relaxation of heart = 80mmHg

Question 12

Pulse pressure

Answer 12

Difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure

Question 13

Systole diastole ratio

Answer 13

1:2 (1/3 systole, 2/3 diastole)

Question 14

End-diastolic volume (EDV)

Answer 14

140ml

Question 15

End-systolic volume (ESV)

Answer 15

60ml

Question 16

Stroke volume

Answer 16

Difference between EDV and ESV

Question 17

Ejection fraction

Answer 17

SV/EDV (indicates health of heart)

Question 18

Dicrotic notch

Answer 18

When aortic valve closes so there is a little increase in aortic pressure and continued decrease in ventricular pressure

Question 19

a atrial pressure wave is due to

Answer 19

Atrial contraction

Question 20

c atrial pressure wave is due to

Answer 20

Mitral valve closing and ventricular contraction then aortic valve opening

Question 21

v atrial pressure wave is due to

Answer 21

Blood accumulating in atrium

Question 22

Isometric contraction phase

Answer 22

Between mitral valve closing and aortic valve opening

Question 23

Isometric relaxation phase

Answer 23

Between aortic valve closing and mitral valve opening

Question 24

Heart sounds are due to

Answer 24

Turbulence when valves open and close

Question 25

1st heart sound

Answer 25

Mitral and tricuspid valves closing (LUB)

Question 26

2nd heart sound

Answer 26

Aortic and pulmonary valve closing (DUB)

Question 27

Murmurs

Answer 27

Heart sounds that shouldn’t be there due to valves opening or shutting when they shouldn’t

Question 28

Systolic murmur

Answer 28

Heart sound between 1st and 2nd heart sound

Question 29

Causes of systolic murmur

Answer 29

Stenosis (narrowing) of aortic/pulmonary valves

Regurgitation (leaking) through mitral/tricuspid valves

Question 30

Diastolic murmur

Answer 30

Heart sound after 2nd heart sound

Question 31

Cause of diastolic murmur

Answer 31

Stenosis (narrowing) of mitral/tricuspid valves

Regurgitation (leaking) through aortic/pulmonary valves

Question 32

Septal defect

Answer 32

Sound all the time

Question 33

Cause of septal defect

Answer 33

Blood leaking from one side of the heart to the other