The Cardiac Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What occurs in late diastole?

A

Both sets of ventricles are relaxed and fill passively

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2
Q

What happens during atrial systole?

A

Atrial contraction injecting blood into ventricles

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3
Q

What happens during isovolumic ventricular contraction?

A
  • First phase of ventricular contraction - Pushes AV valves closed but doesn’t exceed pressure to open
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4
Q

What happens during ventricular ejection?

A
  • Ventricular pressure exceeds pressure in the arteries - Semilunar valves open and blood is ejected
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5
Q

What happens during isovolumic ventricular relaxation?

A
  • Ventricles relax - Pressure drops - Blood tries to flow back into the ventricles and this action snaps the semi lunar valves shut
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6
Q

What is the pulse pressure?

A

Difference between diastole and systole

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7
Q

How is the mean arterial pressure usually calculated?

A

Diastolic pressure + 1/3rd of systolic pressure

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8
Q

Why is only 1/3rd of systolic pressure added to diastolic to calculate the MAP?

A

Most time is spent in diastole

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9
Q

What should ejection fraction be in a health individual?

A

2/3rds

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10
Q

What does EDV stand for?

A

End diastolic volume

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11
Q

What two phases is systole split into?

A
  • Rapid ejection - Slow ejection
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12
Q

What occurs in the rapid phase systole?

A
  • Most of the blood is ejected in this phase
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13
Q

What occurs in the slow ejection phase?

A

The rest of the blood is ejected

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14
Q

Why does doubling the HR have little effect on diastolic volume?

A

The heart is usually full and ready to pump again in half the total diastolic time

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15
Q

STUDY THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAM

A
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16
Q

What is the name of this type of diagram?

A

Pressure volume loop

17
Q

What happens at A on the diagram?

A

Mitral Valve opens

18
Q

What causes the mitral valve to open at A?

A

Atrial pressure excedes ventricular pressure

19
Q

What happens at B on the PV loop?

A

Mitral valve closes in response to ventricular contraction

20
Q

What happens at C on the PV loop?

A

Aortic valve opens in response to ventricular pressure exceeding aortic pressure

21
Q

What happens at D on the PV loop?

A

Aortic valve closes

22
Q

What will happen to the PV loop if the patient is hypertensive?

A

Point C (the point at which ventricular pressure exceedes arterial) will be higher

23
Q

What sound is heard when the mitral and tricuspid valve close?

A

“Lub” sound caused by turbulence in the blood

24
Q

What noise is heard when the pulmonart valve closes?

A

“Lub dub”

25
Q

What causes the 3rd heart sound?

A

Blood entering the atria

26
Q

What causes the 4th heart sound?

A

Atrial injection of blood into the ventricle

27
Q

What causes a heart murmur to be heard?

A

Additional turbulence of blood

28
Q

What can be the cause of a heart murmur?

A
  • Valve stenosis
  • Regurgitation of blood back through a valve
29
Q

What sound is heard on a systolic murmur?

A

LubSHHdub - continuous sound between beats

30
Q

What sound is heard on a diastolic murmur?

A

LubdubSHHH

31
Q

What is a septal defect?

A

A hole in the interatrial septum

32
Q

What sound will be heard on auscultation of a septal defect?

A

A continuous sound throughout the entire cardiac cycle

33
Q

What can cause valve stenosis and blood regurgitation to occur at the same time?

A

Calcification of the cuspid valves