Function of the CVS Flashcards

1
Q

What type of system is the CVS?

A

Bulk flow

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2
Q

What 4 things is the CVS responsible for getting around the body?

A
  • O2 and CO2
  • Nutrients
  • Metabolites
  • Hormones
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3
Q

What homeostatic aspect is regulated by the CVS?

A

Heat

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4
Q

In what ways is the CVS flexible?

A
  • Pump output can vary
  • Vessels can redirect blood
  • Vessels can store blood
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5
Q

Describe the structure of the largest vessels of the CVS?

A
  • Exist in series like an electrical circuit

- Output is equal

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6
Q

How do vascular beds exist with reference to eachother?

A

In a parallel circuit

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7
Q

What can occur to allow some beds to get more blood than others?

A

Regional redirection (vaso dilation/constriction in some vessels)

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8
Q

Why are the hypothalamas and anterior pituitary gland in series and not parallel?

A
  • Blood travels through the hypothalamus first

- Picks up hormone secretions that work directly on the pituitary

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9
Q

What is the hierarchal order of organs by their O2

used?

A

Abdominal Organs
30%

Skeletal Muscles
20%

Brain
18%

Other
14%

Heart
10%

Kidney
6%

Skin
2%

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10
Q

What is the hierarchal order of organs by their cardiac output used?

A

Abdominal Organs
24%

Skeletal Muscles
20%

Brain
13%

Other
10%

Heart
4%

Kidney
20%

Skin
9%

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11
Q

What is the equation for pressure difference?

A

Pressure difference = mean arterial pressure - central venous pressure

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12
Q

What happens to flow when pressure increases?

A

Flow increases

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13
Q

What is the equation for flow?

A

Flow = change in pressure/resistance

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14
Q

What effect does radius of vessel have on the resistance?

A

Radius^4 so has a huge effect

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15
Q

What do arterioles act as by controlling resistance through radius?

A

Taps to each organ vascular bed

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16
Q

Describe the properties of the aorta

A
  • Large elastic wall

- Wide lumen

17
Q

How does the elasticity of the aorta aid in pumping blood?

A
  • Gains elastic energy when stretches in response to systole
  • Elastic walls can recontract to increase pressure and therefore flow
18
Q

Describe the properties of the arteries

A
  • Muscular
  • Wide lumen
  • Low resistance
19
Q

What is the name given to the type of vessels that arterioles are?

A
  • Resistance vessels
20
Q

What are the properties of arterioles?

A
  • Narrow lumen
  • Thick contractile wall
  • Can control resistance and therefore flow
21
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

Exchange vessels

22
Q

What are the properties of capillaries?

A
  • Narrow lumen

- Thin wall

23
Q

What is the name given to the type of vessels that venules and veins are?

A
  • Capacitance vessels
24
Q

Describe the properties of veins and venules

A
  • Wide lumen

- Low resistance

25
Q

What is the function of the interatrial septum?

A

Seperates left and right atrium

26
Q

What type of valves are the aortic and pulmonary valves?

A

Semi lunar

27
Q

What is the mitral valve?

A
  • Also known as bicuspid as it has two cusps

- Left AV valve

28
Q

What is the tricuspid valve?

A
  • Right AV valve
29
Q

What are the chordae tendinae?

A

Connective tissue fibres that connect the AV valves with the papillary muscle

30
Q

What is the function of the chordae tendinae and the papillary muscle?

A
  • Stop the AV valve from inverting

- Is passive so allows the valve to shut but not go too far