Hypertension Flashcards
Facts on hypertension
- World’s number 1 cause of preventable and premature mortality and morbidity - A 2mmHg rise in BP causes a 7% increase of mortality from IHD and a 10% increased risk of mortality from stroke
What does hypertension greatly contribute to?
End organ damage
What conditions can be easily developed due to hypertension?
- IHD - Retinopathy - Peripheral vascular disease - Stroke - CHD - Heart failure - Renal failure - Proteinuria
How many times greater is your risk of stroke if you are hypertensive compared to normal blood pressure?
4-6 times greater
What ways can blood pressure vary throughout the day?
- Physical stress - Mental stress
What is the definition of clinical hypertension?
The blood pressure at which the benefits of treatment outweigh the risks in terms of morbidity and mortality
Describe what is shown here
Shows blood pressure distribution between different cultures
- Group 1 = island dwellers in the pacific where BP is lower
- Group 5 shows western european BP
- Notice all follow an equal distribution within their populations
How does age affect hypertension?
As age increases BP increases
What is the correlation between high BP and risk of stroke and CHD?
As BP increases the chances of developing these increases
Which age decade has the biggest increase in IHD mortality compared to average blood pressure at the beginning of that decade?
40 - 49 years
What is stage 1 hypertension?
- Clinical blood pressure > 140/90mmHg
- ABPM (ambulatory blood pressure monitoring) average of >135/85
What is stage 2 hypertension?
- BP > 160/100mmHg
- ABPM average > 150/95mmHg
What is severe hypertension?
- Systolic > 180
- Diastolic > 110
What other factors also increase the risk of hypertension?
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Renal disease
- Being a bloke
- Hyperlipidaemia
- Previous history of MI or stroke
- Left ventricular hypertrophy (PHT)
What three ways is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activated?
- Fall in BP
- Fall in circulating volume
- Lack of sodium in blood