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Cardiovascular System > The Cardiac Cycle > Flashcards

The Cardiac Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cardiac cycle?

A

The sequence of mechanical events that occurs during a single heart beat

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2
Q

In late diastole, all chambers of the heart are

A

relaxed

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3
Q

Atrial pressure remains slightly greater than ventricular pressure until

A

ventricles are full distended

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4
Q

The cardiac cycle begins when what node initiates the heart beat?

A

Sinoatrial node

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5
Q

Ventricle filling is completed by what?

A

Contraction of the atria

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6
Q

Ventricular volume after filling is known as

A

End-Diastolic Volume (EDV)

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7
Q

What is the normal EDV range?

A

120-140mL

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8
Q

What is the equivalent pressure to EDV?

A

End-Diastolic Pressure (EDP)

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9
Q

What value should EDP be less than?

A

10 mmHg

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10
Q

Ventricular contraction causes a sharp rise in

A

ventricular pressure

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11
Q

What sounds are caused by the closure of the AV valves?

A

First heart sounds

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12
Q

Ventricular depolarisation is associated with what part of the ECG?

A

QRS complex

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13
Q

Is flow into the arteries initially rapid or slow?

A

Very rapid

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14
Q

Rapid ejection can sometimes be heard as a

A

murmur

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15
Q

What effect is there on the aortic pressure when the flow out of the ventricle reverses causing closure of the outflow valve?

A

There is a small increase in aortic pressure

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16
Q

What causes the dicrotic notch?

A

Sudden drop in pressure after systolic contraction

17
Q

What is the stroke volume?

A

The amount of blood ejected by the ventricle in one beat

18
Q

During the last two thirds of systole, atrial pressure rises as a result of

A

filling from the veins

19
Q

The refilling of the ventricles is assisted by what feature of the ventricles?

A

The elastic recoil of the ventricular walls

20
Q

At rest, what is the difference in length of diastole and systole?

A

At rest, diastole is twice the length of systole

21
Q

The pressure-volume loop is affected by what two factors of the ventricle?

A
  • contractility
  • compliance
  • factors that alter refilling/ejection
22
Q

The area of the pressure-volume loop is an indicator of what?

A

Cardiac function

23
Q

What is the systolic pressure?

A

Pressure put on the arteries by the pumping of blood throughout the body

24
Q

What is diastolic pressure?

A

The minimum arterial pressure during relaxation and dilatation of the ventricles of the heart when the ventricles fill with blood

25
Q

What is the mean arterial pressure?

A

Average arterial pressure during a single cardiac cycle

26
Q

What is end systolic volume?

A

The volume of blood in a ventricle at the end of systole (contraction) and the beginning of diastole (filling)

27
Q

What is the ejection fraction?

A

The proportion of EDV that is ejected

28
Q

What is the c-wave?

A

The small atrial pressure wave resulting from AV valves bulging into the atria

29
Q

What is the v-wave?

A

When the atrial pressure rises in the last two thirds of systole as a result of filling from the veins

30
Q

What is the isometric contraction period?

A

The time between the closure of the atrioventricular valves and the opening of the semilunar valves

31
Q

What is the isometric relaxation period?

A

The early ventricular diastole beginning with a closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves, preceding opening of atrioventricular valves

32
Q

As contraction reduces in ejection, ejection is reduced, what is this known as?

A

The reduced ejection phase

33
Q

In ejection, the initial flow into the arteries is very rapid, what is this known as?

A

Rapid ejection phase

34
Q

What is a phonocardiogram?

A

The recording of the sounds made by the heart in a cardiac cycle using a phonocardiograph

35
Q

In late diastole, do ventricles fill actively or passively?

A

Passively

36
Q

In atrial systole, atrial contraction forces what?

A

A small amount of additional blood into the ventricles

37
Q

What effect does isovolumic ventricular contraction have on the AV valves?

A

Pushes AV valves closed

38
Q

What happens as ventricular pressure rises and exceeds pressure in the arteries in ventricular ejection?

A

The semilunar valves open and blood is ejected

39
Q

In isovolumic ventricular relaxation, as ventricles relax and pressure in ventricles falls, what happens to blood flow?

A

Blood flows back into the cusps of semilunar valves and snaps them closed

Cardiovascular System (14 decks)

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