Overview of the CVS - Function

Question 1

Give 3 things transported by the bulk flow system of the CVS

Answer 1

• oxygen and carbon dioxide
• nutrients
• metabolites
• hormones
• heat

Question 2

What effect will exercise have on the CVS output?

Answer 2

Output will increase during exercise as heart is pumping more

Question 3

What circulation carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs?

Answer 3

Pulmonary circulation

Question 4

What circulation carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body?

Answer 4

Systemic circulation

Question 5

How are most vascular beds arranged?

Answer 5

In parallel

Question 6

From what side of the heart does pulmonary circulation flow?

Answer 6

Right

Question 7

What would happen in the body if one side of the heart pumped more blood than the other?

Answer 7

Blood would accumulate in the structures being supplied by the side of the heart which was pumping more blood

(i.e. if right side pumped more, blood would accumulate in lungs)

Question 8

What does regional redirection allow?

Answer 8

Blood to be redirected to parts of the body where it is needed most

Question 9

How are the vascular beds between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland arranges?

Answer 9

In series

Question 10

What does the arrangement of the vascular beds between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland allow?

Answer 10

Direct blood supply from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland

Question 11

Cardiac output roughly corresponds with what?

Answer 11

Oxygen consumption

Question 12

Give an organ which, at rest, is the exception, where cardiac output does not correspond with oxygen consumption

Answer 12

• kidneys
• skin
• heart

Question 13

Arterioles act as taps to control what?

Answer 13

Resistance to each vascular bed

Question 14

What feature of a blood vessel in resistance dependent on?

Answer 14

Radius

Question 15

Arteries branch off to form

Answer 15

arterioles

Question 16

Arterioles branch off to form

Answer 16

capillaries

Question 17

Venules collect blood from

Answer 17

capillaries

Question 18

What side of the heart is responsible for mean arterial pressure?

Answer 18

Left

Question 19

What artery is classed as an elastic artery?

Answer 19

The aorta

Question 20

Structure of a blood vessel always relates to its

Answer 20

funtion

Question 21

What effect does the aorta have on pressure variations?

Answer 21

The aorta reduces pressure variations

Question 22

What kind of wall do arteries (other than the aorta) have?

Answer 22

Strong muscular/non-elastic

Question 23

Do arteries have a narrow or wide lumen?

Answer 23

Wide

Question 24

What is the main function of arteries (other than the aorta)?

Answer 24

Provide a low resistance conduit for blood

Question 25

What vessels allow the regional redirection of blood?

Answer 25

Arterioles

Question 26

What are the main exchange vessels?

Answer 26

Capillaries

Question 27

What vessels are known as capacitance vessels?

Answer 27

Veins and venules

Question 28

What is the main structural difference between arteries and arterioles?

Answer 28

Arteries have a much narrower lumen

Question 29

Give two functions of capacitance vessels

Answer 29

- low resistance conduit | - blood reservoir

Question 30

What is the function of the interventricular septum?

Answer 30

To separate the right and left ventricles

Question 31

What is the myocardium?

Answer 31

The muscular wall of the heart

Question 32

What chambers of the heart receive blood?

Answer 32

Atria

Question 33

Blood is pumped out of the right ventricle through what structure?

Answer 33

The pulmonary trunk

Question 34

What do valves prevent?

Answer 34

Back-flow of blood

Question 35

On what side of the heart is the mitral valve?

Answer 35

Left

Question 36

On what side of the heart is the tricuspid valve?

Answer 36

Right

Question 37

What structures connect the papillary muscles to the mitral/tricuspid valves?

Answer 37

Chordae tendinae

Question 38

If the papillary muscle was not present, what might happen to the valves?

Answer 38

Valves would invert