Overview of the CVS - Function Flashcards
Give 3 things transported by the bulk flow system of the CVS
- oxygen and carbon dioxide
- nutrients
- metabolites
- hormones
- heat
What effect will exercise have on the CVS output?
Output will increase during exercise as heart is pumping more
What circulation carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary circulation
What circulation carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body?
Systemic circulation
How are most vascular beds arranged?
In parallel
From what side of the heart does pulmonary circulation flow?
Right
What would happen in the body if one side of the heart pumped more blood than the other?
Blood would accumulate in the structures being supplied by the side of the heart which was pumping more blood
(i.e. if right side pumped more, blood would accumulate in lungs)
What does regional redirection allow?
Blood to be redirected to parts of the body where it is needed most
How are the vascular beds between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland arranges?
In series
What does the arrangement of the vascular beds between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland allow?
Direct blood supply from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland
Cardiac output roughly corresponds with what?
Oxygen consumption
Give an organ which, at rest, is the exception, where cardiac output does not correspond with oxygen consumption
- kidneys
- skin
- heart
Arterioles act as taps to control what?
Resistance to each vascular bed
What feature of a blood vessel in resistance dependent on?
Radius
Arteries branch off to form
arterioles
Arterioles branch off to form
capillaries
Venules collect blood from
capillaries
What side of the heart is responsible for mean arterial pressure?
Left
What artery is classed as an elastic artery?
The aorta
Structure of a blood vessel always relates to its
funtion
What effect does the aorta have on pressure variations?
The aorta reduces pressure variations
What kind of wall do arteries (other than the aorta) have?
Strong muscular/non-elastic
Do arteries have a narrow or wide lumen?
Wide
What is the main function of arteries (other than the aorta)?
Provide a low resistance conduit for blood
What vessels allow the regional redirection of blood?
Arterioles
What are the main exchange vessels?
Capillaries
What vessels are known as capacitance vessels?
Veins and venules
What is the main structural difference between arteries and arterioles?
Arteries have a much narrower lumen
Give two functions of capacitance vessels
- low resistance conduit
- blood reservoir
What is the function of the interventricular septum?
To separate the right and left ventricles
What is the myocardium?
The muscular wall of the heart
What chambers of the heart receive blood?
Atria
Blood is pumped out of the right ventricle through what structure?
The pulmonary trunk
What do valves prevent?
Back-flow of blood
On what side of the heart is the mitral valve?
Left
On what side of the heart is the tricuspid valve?
Right
What structures connect the papillary muscles to the mitral/tricuspid valves?
Chordae tendinae
If the papillary muscle was not present, what might happen to the valves?
Valves would invert
