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Cardiovascular System > Regulation of Arteriolar Resistance > Flashcards

Regulation of Arteriolar Resistance Flashcards

1
Q

What does Darcy’s Law state?

A

Flow = ∆Pressure / resistance

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2
Q

The radius of resistance vessels is used to control flow and redirect blood, it is also used to

A

control total peripheral resistance (TPR) and regulate mean arterial pressure (MAP)

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3
Q

Arteriolar radius affects flow through individual

A

vascular beds and mean arterial pressure

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4
Q

What two mechanisms are used to keep blood flow to each vascular bed and MAP in the right range?

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms

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5
Q

Intrinsic mechanisms control

A

the needs of each individual tissue

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6
Q

Extrinsic mechanisms ensure

A

total peripheral resistance of the whole body stays within the right range

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7
Q

What nerves are involved in extrinsic mechanisms?

A

Sympathetic

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8
Q

What is released by sympathetic nerves in extrinsic mechanisms?

A

Noradrenaline

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9
Q

What effect does noradrenaline have on arterioles?

A

Causes arteriolar constriction

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10
Q

What receptors does noradrenaline bind to?

A

Alpha-1

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11
Q

What effect does arteriolar constriction have on blood flow through tissues and TPR?

A
  • decreases flow through that tissue

- tends to increase TPR

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12
Q

What hormone is involved in extrinsic control?

A

Adrenaline

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13
Q

From where is adrenaline released?

A

Adrenal medulla

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14
Q

What receptors does adrenaline bind to?

A

Alpha-1

Beta-2 in skeletal and cardiac muscle

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15
Q

What effect does adrenaline have on arterioles when it binds to alpha-1 receptors?

A

Causes arteriolar constriction

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16
Q

What effect does adrenaline have on arterioles when it binds to Beta-2 receptors?

A

Causes arteriolar dilation

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17
Q

Other than adrenaline, what hormones are released to control extrinsic mechanisms?

A
  • angiotensin II
  • vasopressin
  • atrial natriuretic peptide
  • brain natriuretic peptide
18
Q

What hormones are released in response to high blood volume?

A
  • atrial natriuretic peptide

- brain natriuretic peptide

19
Q

What hormones are produced/released in response to low blood volume?

A
  • angiotensin II

- vasopressin

20
Q

What hormones produced in the control of extrinsic mechanisms cause arteriolar constriction and increase TPR?

A
  • angiotensin II

- vasopressin

21
Q

What hormones produced in the control of extrinsic mechanisms cause arteriolar dilation and decrease TPR

A
  • atrial natriuretic peptide

- brain natriuretic peptide

22
Q

What are the 4 mechanisms involved in intrinsic control?

A
  • active (metabolic) hyperaemia
  • pressure (flow) autoregulation
  • reactive hyperaemia
  • the injury response
23
Q

What effects does active hyperaemia have on

  • metabolic activity
  • arterioles
  • blood flow?
A
  • metabolic activity increases
  • arterioles dilate
  • blood flow increases
24
Q

Active hyperaemia matches blood supply to

A

the metabolic needs of the tissue

25
Q

What effects does pressure autoregulation have on

  • mean arterial pressure
  • arterioles
  • blood flow?
A
  • MAP decreases
  • arterioles dilate
  • blood flow decreases
26
Q

Pressure autoregulation ensures that a tissue maintains its blood supply despite

A

changes in MAP

27
Q

What is reactive hyperaemia?

A

The occlusion of blood supply causing a subsequent increase in blood flow

28
Q

What does the injury response do?

A

Aids the delivery of blood borne immune cells to the injured area

29
Q

In coronary circulation, blood supply is interrupted by

A

systole

30
Q

When does the coronary circulation have to cope with increased demand?

A

During exercise

31
Q

What receptors are expressed by the coronary circulation?

A

Many Beta-2 receptors

32
Q

What method of intrinsic control is shown in coronary circulation?

A

Active hyperaemia

33
Q

Beta-2 receptors and active hyperaemia in the coronary circulation negate what in the arterioles?

A

Sympathetic arteriolar constriction

34
Q

Cerebral circulation needs to be kept

A

stable

35
Q

What method of intrinsic control is seen in the cerebral circulation?

A

Pressure autoregulation

36
Q

In pulmonary circulation, decreased oxygen causes

A

arteriolar constriction

37
Q

Arteriolar constriction in the pulmonary circulation ensures that

A

blood is directed to the best ventilated parts of the lung

38
Q

What is the main function of renal circulation?

A

Filtration

39
Q

What changes would have big effects on blood volume in the renal circulation?

A

Changes in MAP

40
Q

What method of intrinsic control is shown in the renal circulation?

A

Pressure autoregulation

Cardiovascular System (14 decks)

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