Pressure and Flow in Arteries and Veins

Question 1

Auscultation of Korotkoff sounds can be done using what apparatus?

Answer 1

A sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope

Question 2

When auscultating Korotkoff sounds, a stethoscope is placed over what artery?

Answer 2

Brachial

Question 3

What sounds should be heard when the cuff pressure is almost equal to diastolic pressure?

Answer 3

Continuous muffled sounds

Question 4

When cuff pressure is below diastolic pressure, what sounds should be heard?

Answer 4

No sounds, should be a smooth laminar flow

Question 5

When cuff pressure is around systolic pressure, what sounds should be heard?

Answer 5

Tapping sounds

Question 6

What are the disadvantages of measuring arterial pressure through auscultating Korotkoff sounds?

Answer 6

• low accuracy

- discontinuous

Question 7

What are the advantages of measuring arterial pressure through auscultating Korotkoff sounds?

Answer 7

• cheap

- non-invasive

Question 8

What effect do elastic arteries have on pressure variation?

Answer 8

Damp down pressure variations

Question 9

Give four factors that affect the pressure wave

Answer 9

• stroke volume
• velocity of ejection
• elasticity of arteries
• total peripheral resistance

Question 10

What is normal arterial pressure?

Answer 10

120/80 mmHg

Question 11

Arterial pressure increases with

Answer 11

age

Question 12

Do changes in pressure mainly affect systolic or diastolic pressure?

Answer 12

Diastolic pressure

Question 13

Is blood pressure in capillaries high or low?

Answer 13

Low

Question 14

Does blood pressure increase or decrease from the arteries to the venules?

Answer 14

Decrease

Question 15

In what chamber of the heart is blood pressurised?

Answer 15

Ventricle

Question 16

Does pressure rise or fall throughout the vascular tree?

Answer 16

Falls

Question 17

Through what vessels is there a small drop in pressure?

Answer 17

Arteries

Question 18

Through what vessels is there a large drop in pressure?

Answer 18

Arterioles

Question 19

The small pressure difference pushing blood back through the veins is know as

Answer 19

the systemic filling pressure

Question 20

What is the difference in velocity between the aorta and vena cava, and the capillaries?

Answer 20

Velocity is highest in aorta and vena cava and lowest in capillaries

Question 21

Is blood pressure in the veins high or low?

Answer 21

Low

Question 22

What two features of veins mean that blood flow through them is affected by external influences?

Answer 22

• distensible

- collapsable

Question 23

Give 3 external influences that can affect venous blood flow

Answer 23

• gravity
• skeletal muscle pump
• respiratory pump
• venomotor tone
• systemic filling pressure

Question 24

Gravity does not affect the driving pressure from arteries to veins but can cause what in the legs?

Answer 24

Venous distension

Question 25

Gravity can cause what in the veins in the neck?

Answer 25

Venous collapse

Question 26

Central venous pressure can be estimated by

Answer 26

height of jugular collapse

Question 27

The point of jugular collapse in the neck would be seen as

Answer 27

a bulging vein in the neck

Question 28

At the point of jugular collapse, would central venous pressure be high or low?

Answer 28

High

Question 29

During what type of exercise does the skeletal muscle pump work?

Answer 29

Rhythmic only

Question 30

How does the skeletal muscle pump help to prevent deep vein thrombosis?

Answer 30

It increases venous return to the heart

Question 31

What changes to breathing will draw more blood back to the heart?

Answer 31

Breathing deeper/faster

Question 32

What is the venomotor tone?

Answer 32

The state of contraction of the smooth muscle surrounding the venules and veins

Question 33

What is systemic pressure?

Answer 33

The pressure created by ventricles and transmitted through the vascular tree to the veins