Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Reproduction and the growing child > The breast (lactation anatomy and physiology) > Flashcards

The breast (lactation anatomy and physiology) Flashcards

1
Q

Prolactin is formed in the

A

Anterior pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

LH is released from

A

Anterior pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hPL =

A

Human placental lactogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Oestrogens role in mammary growth:

A

Growth of ductal system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Progesterone role in mammary growth:

A

Full development of lobule-alveolar system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The process of growth and development of the mammary gland in perparation for milk production

A

Mammogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When does mammogenesis begin?

A

When mammary gland is exposed to oestrogen at puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Structures of the breast continue to bud until what age?

A

35 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mammogenesis at 4 weeks gestation =

A

2 milk lines form axilla to groin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Secretory units of glandular tissue/mammary gland =

A

Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Colostrum =

A

First milk, high in immunological factors and low volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Colostrum can stimulate baby to do what?

A

Pass first stool (myconium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

At birth, baby’s breast tissue is…

A

Confined to the nipple area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

During childhood the mammary gland

A

Undergoes limited general growth in line with size and stature of child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mammary gland at puberty:

A

Alveoli mature
Fat deposition
Buds branch into acini/alveoli system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

During pregnancy, what hormones are involved with the development of breast?

A

Progesterone
Oestrogen
Prolactin
hPL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What inhibits prolactin during pregnancy?

A

High levels of oestrogen and progesterone - stop milk let down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Serum placental lactogen role in mammogenesis =

A

Areola growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Breast is located between which ribs?

A

2-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Breast lies superiorly to what muscles?

A

Pectoralis major

Serratus anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Tissue extending towards the axilla =

A

Axillary tail of Spence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Function of tubercles of Montgomery =

A

Sebaceous glands attach to milk glands. Provide olfactory stimulus to help baby find breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mammary gland is an adapted

A

Sweat/eccrine gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What opens into the nipple?

A

Lactiferous ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Ligment which attaches to dermis and pectroal fascia to secure breast
Cooper's ligaments/Suspensory ligaments
26
What surrounds alveoli to allow milk let down?
Myoepithelial cells (smooth muscle)
27
What line alveoli and form milk?
Lactocytes
28
Blood supply to breast:
Internal mammary from perforating branches | Lateral thoracic from axillary artery
29
Breast lymphatics mainly drain into:
Axillary nodes
30
Innervation of breast:
Intercostal nerves (4-6)
31
When in pregnancy do women begin to secrete?
Late T1 early T2
32
Transition from pregnancy to lactation
Lactogenesis
33
Lactogenesis stage one time frame
Mid/late pregnancy --> 24/48 hrs
34
Lactogenesis 1 is characterised by:
Production of colostrum
35
Why is colostrum low volume?
Baby has immature kidneys, don't want to fluid overload
36
Lactogenesis 2 timeframe:
Day 3 --> Day 8
37
Lactogenesis 2 is characterised by:
Copious volume of milk production
38
Lactogenesis 3 timeframe
Day 9 --> Involution
39
Involution occurs how long after last feed?
40 days
40
Lactogenesis one is under what control?
Endocrine: prolactin
41
What rises in lactogenesis 1?
Plasma concentration of lactose and lactaalbumin
42
Lactogenesis 2 is triggered by what?
3rd stage of labour
43
What occurs after 3rd stage of pregnancy:
Sudden decrease in progesterone, oestrogen and hPL. Increase prolactin from APG
44
What has a supportive role in lactogenesis 2?
Thyroxin Insulin Cortisol
45
In the absence of ... lactation won't commence
TSH
46
Ex of reasons lactation doesn't occur:
Absence of TSH | Retained products of conception
47
Milk in lactogenesis 2 is:
Copious | High fat content
48
Maintenance of milk production =
Galactoporesis
49
Milk production becomes what during galactoporesis?
Autocrine process
50
2 hormones involved in milk letdown reflex:
Oxytocin | Prolactin
51
Oxytocin stimulus:
Baby suckling | Sensory: sound, smell, tactile stimulus
52
Oxytocin is made in...
Hypothalamus
53
Oxytocin is secreted from
Posterior pituitary gland
54
Oxytocin function:
Contraction of myoepithelium
55
Prolactin is made by:
Lactotroph cells in anterior pituitary gland
56
What inhibits formation of prolactin?
Dopamine
57
Dopamine analogues:
Reduce lactational ability
58
Dopamine agonists
Increase milk production
59
Prolactin acts on:
Lactocytes
60
Theories for how removal of milk increases milk production:
- Prolactin receptor theory - Feedback inhibitor of lactation - Prolactin inhibitory factor (dopamine?)
61
What is in formula milk:
- Vitamins - Minerals - Water - Proteins - Carbohydrates - Fats - Water
62
What is in breast milk:
- Enzymes - Anti-inflammatory molecules - Transfer factors (assist absorbtion) - Viral fragments, WBCs, bifidus factor, antibodies - Horones - Water, vitamines, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, water
63
Antibodies in maternal milk:
sIGA
64
Bifidus factor:
Makes is more acidic (bacteria better in high pH)
65
Hormones in breast milk:
Insulin TSH Growth hormone Epidermal growth factor
66
Problems with formula milk:
- Sertilisation issues - First processed food - Atopic probelms: asthma, eczema - Cows milk allergy - Difficult to process
67
Breast feeding pathology is related to what:
- Poor positioning and attachment - Nipple tissue and trauma - Breastfeeding management
68
Mastitis =
Inflammation of breast tissue
69
2 types of mastitis =
Infective | Non-infective
70
Most common type of mastitis =
Non-infective
71
Cause of non-infective mastitis =
Poor positioning and attachment - inadequate milk removal - milk stasis - back pressure - inflammatory response
72
Symptoms of non-infective mastits =
``` Swelling Warmth Flu-like Pyrexia Unilateral Sudden onset More painful before feed ```
73
Treatment of non-infective mastitis =
Treat cause - support positioning and attachment - increase feed frequency - analgesics - gentle breast massage during feed
74
Common causes of infective mastitis =
Staphlococcus aureus Streptococcal E.coli
75
Signs and symptoms of infective mastitis:
``` Pain, swelling, heat More severe flu-like Pyrexia (more than 40) Rigors Discharge of pus or blood from nipple ```
76
Management of infective mastitis =
- Warm, moist compress - increase feed - positioning and attachment - analgesia - antibiotics - increase fluid intake
77
Antibiotics effective against infective mastits =
Penicillins | Cephalosporins

Reproduction and the growing child (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions