The Brain Flashcards
the 3 Parts of the brain?
Hindbrain, Mid-brain, fore-brain.
Hindbrain
located at the rear base of the skull and includes, the Cerebellum, the Medulla, Pons.
Mid-brain
small part of the brain above the pons that arouses the brain. integrates sensory info and relays in upwards. the Midbrain, the Medulla, Pons compose most of the “brain stem” and the “reticular activating system” (RAS)
Fore-brain
covers the central core. the outer layer of the forebrain is the cerebral cortex. the inner layer is the Cerebrum.
The Medulla
- controls breathing, heart rate and reflexes.
Pons
- functions as a bridge between spinal cord and the brain to produce chemicals for sleep.
Reticular activating system (RAS)
alerts the brain to incoming signals and regulates sleep and wake cycles.
Cerebral cortex
responsible for higher thinking processes ability to learn, read, see understand and store info.
the Limbic system
regulates our emotions and motivation- contains the hypothalamus, amygdala, thalamus and hippocampus.
The Thalamus
which integrates all sensory input expect smell and relays info to and from the cortex.
Hypothalamus
located just below the Thalamus, controls hunger, thirst, sexual behaviour and reactions too temperature.
Amygdala
controls emotions like rage and anger, “lack of empathy”
Hippocampus
helps in formation of memories
the 4 lobes/ regions the brain
1-the occipital lobe, 2-parietal lobe, 3-temporal lobe, 4-frontal lobe.
the lobes the brain
the cerebrum is made of two hemisphere (sides) connected by fibres called “corpus callosum”. the hemisphere are then divided into lobes or regions.
1-the occipital lobe
processes visual signals.
2-parietal lobe
processes body sensations.
3-temporal lobe
deals with hearing, memory, emotion and speaking.
4-frontal lobe
deals with organization, planning and creative thinking.
right hemisphere vs left hemisphere in the Brain
the two hemispheres complement each other and work together. the corpus callosum carries messages back and forth between the two.
the left hemisphere
controls the movements on the right side of the body. its where the speech is located. specialized in mathematical ability, logic and calculations.
the right hemisphere
controls left side of the body. adapt at visual and spatial relations like puzzles and recognizing patterns, music, art and creativity. intuition.
the Endocrine system
there are two syrups that send messages to and from the brains. 1- nervous system, 2- the endocrine system
1- nervous system
- sends neurological messages
2- the endocrine system
- sends chemical messages or hormones; controls internal biological function.
The Pituitary gland
directed by the hypothalamus The Pituitary gland is the “master gland” - its is the centre of control of the endocrine system and secrets a large number of hormones.
The Thyroid gland
controls metabolic rate
hormones and neurotransmitters
both affect the nervous system, when a chemical is realized as a hormone it is diffused in the blood throughout the body. when a chemical is released as a neurotransmitter, it is released next the cell to excite or inhibit.
