physical, perceptual and language development. Flashcards
development psychology?
the study of changes occurring as a person matures
nature vs. nurture?
what development is due to heredity (your genetics… what you inherit from your parents) vs. what we learn and our enviornment.
babies are born with which automatic reflexes or abilites?
Grasping reflex: response to touch, Rooting reflex: ability to suck, breathe air and swallow.
physical development?
infants on average weight 7.3 pounds at birth and unto 25 by the time they are 1. In two years infants can walk, talk and feed themselves. no amount of coaching will push a child to do something before they are physiologically ready.
Maturation?
“the internally programmed growth of a child”, no amount of coaching will push a child to do something before they are physiologically ready. maturation is as important as learning or experience, especially in the first years. parents need to wait till their infant reaches maturational readiness before pushing them to master any new skills.
perceptual development?
infants love to look at things especially human daces and patterned objects. infants also benefit rom being touched by their parents.
language development?
language and thought are closely intertwined and both abilities involve symbols. the acquisition of language propels the child into further intellectual development (Piaget 1926) some psychologists argue that language is reinforced behaviour while other claim it is in born.
when is the critical period to learn language?
between the ages 2 and 5, 10 words a day- 1 word every hour awake.
what are the stages to learning language?
1, babbling begins and increases first word might be said.
2, infants will progress to saying dozens of words possibly say words in pairs, ask a question, raising voice when upset, nouns with negative words.
3, child acquires more grammatical knowledge; say full sentences, produce negative sentences, 5,000 word vocabulary.
4, child uses more grammatical rules and future tense; asks questions is adult form and 9,000 word vocabulary.
5, child uses more complex clauses; join two or more ideas in one sentence; problems with noun/verb agreement.
the visual cliff?
infants display the ability to perceive three dimensional space. Their hearts rates increase as they approach the perceived drop-off of the visual cliff.
telegraphic speech?
the kind of verbal utterances in which words are left out, but the meaning is usually clear.
can animals use language?
psychologists believe that chimpanzees must develop at least as far as 2 year old humans because they will look at a toy or a bit of food that has disappeared. they can represent the existence of the piece of food or toy in their minds.
can animals talk?
the Gardners raised a baby chimp named Washoe in their house and chimps are very good with their hands, they taught her to use American sign language for the deaf. at 3.5 years of age she knew at least 87 signs for words such as dog, food and toothbrush. at age 5 she knew more than 160 signs.
cognitive development?
as the thought processes of children develop, they begin to think, communicate and relate with other and solve problems.
schema?
a conceptual framework a person uses to make sums of the world.
