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Neuro 400 > The Brain > Flashcards

The Brain Flashcards

0
Q

What are the primary brain vesicles?

A

Prosencephalon (forebrain)
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

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1
Q

What germinal later does the CNS derive from?

A

Ectoderm

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2
Q

What does the prosencephalon develop into?

A

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

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3
Q

What does the mesencephalon (1°) develop into?

A

Mesencephalon (psych!)

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4
Q

What does the rhombencephalon develop into?

A

Metencephalon

Myelencephalon

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5
Q

What does the telecephalon develop into?

A

Cerebrum and lateral vesicles

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6
Q

What does the diencephalon develop into?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, Epithalamus and third ventricle

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7
Q

What does the mesencephalon (2°) develop into?

A

Midbrain

Aqueduct of midbrain (cerebral aqueduct)

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8
Q

What does the metencephalon develop into?

A

Pons
Cerebellum
Upper 4th ventricle

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9
Q

What does the Myelencephalon develop into?

A

Medulla oblongata

Lower 4th ventricle

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10
Q

What does the brain stem contain?

A

Continuous with spinal cord

Contains medulla oblongata, pins and midbrain

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11
Q

Largest part of brain

A

Cerebrum

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12
Q

Three layers of cranial meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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13
Q

Two layers of dura mater

A

Periosteal (external)

Meningeal (internal)

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14
Q

The two layers of dura mater are fused except for where

A

Dural venous sinus

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15
Q

Dural venous sinus

A

Endothelial lined venous channel

Drain blood from brain and deliver to internal jugular veins

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16
Q

What are the three extensions of dura mater?

A

Falx cerebri
Falx cerebelli
Tentorium cerebelli

17
Q

Falx cerebri

A

Extension of dura mater

Separates two hemispheres of the cerebrum

18
Q

Falx cerebelli

A

Extension of dura mater

Separates two hemisphere if cerebellum

19
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

Extension of dura mater

Separates cerebrum from cerebellum

20
Q

Blood enters the brain via

A

Internal carotid and vertebral arteries

21
Q

Blood exits brain via:

A

Dural venous sinuses which drain into internal jugular veins.

22
Q

Brain makes up what percent of total body weight but uses what percent of O2 and glucose?

A

2 and 20

23
Q

What cells make up the blood brain barrier?

A

Astrocytes + endothelial cells connected by tight junctions.

24
Q

What is the blood brain barrier

A

Semi-permeable covering encasing capillaries of the brain.

Doesn’t cover the roof of third and fourth ventricle, posterior pituitary gland, pineal gland, the median eminence of the hypothalamus and the area postrema.

25
Q

What is the blood brain barrier permeable to?

A

H2O-soluble substances (ie glucose) by active transport

Creatine, urea, ions cross slowly.

Fat soluble substances :
O2, CO2, alcohol, anesthetic agents cross passively

Not proteins, bacteria

26
Q

Cerebral spinal fluid

A

Protect CNS from chemical and physical injury

Mainly water, plus O2, glucose and other stuff (glucose, proteins, lactic acid, cations, anions, WBC)

27
Q

Where does CSF circulate?

A

Subarachnoid space

28
Q

Average total volume of CSF?

A

80-150 ml

29
Q

What cavities are filled with CSF?

A 
2 lateral ventricles (on each side of cerebrum)
Third ventricles (midline)
Fourth ventricles (between brain stem and cerebellum)
30
Q

Septum pellucidum

A

Thin triangular membrane separating anterior horns of left and right ventricles.

31
Q

The CSF from 4th ventricle flows into

A

Subarachnoid space and central canal

32
Q

Functions of CSF

A
  1. Mechanical protection
  2. Homeostatic function (pH affects pulmonary ventilation and cerebral blood flow)
  3. Circulation
33
Q

Where is most of the CSF made?

A

Chroroid plexuses

34
Q

Ependymal cells

A

Special glial cells in choroid plexuses that filter substances from blood and secrete them into CSF

35
Q

Choroid plexuses

A

Networks of blood capillaries in walls of ventricles. Location of CSF production.

36
Q

Blood-CSF barrier

A

More tight junctions between ependymal cells.

Protect CNS from harmful blood borne substances.

37
Q

Interventricular foramina

A

Opening between lateral and 3rd ventricles

39
Q

Cerebral aqueduct

A

Connect 3rd and 4th ventricle

40
Q

CSF Circulation

A

Lateral ventricle –[interventricular foramina]–> Third ventricle –[cerebral aquaduct]–> Fourth ventricle –[lateral and median apertures] –> subarachnoid space & central canal –> (absorbed into) Arachnoid Villi of dural venous sinuses –> venous blood –> heart and lungs –> arterial blood –> Choroid plexuses of the lateral, third and fourth ventricles

41
Q

Arachnoid granulation

A

Cluster of arachnoid villi

42
Q

Arachnoid villi

A

Fingerlike extensions of the arachnoid mater that projects into the dural venous sinuses (esp. the superiors sagittal sinus)

Where reabsorption of CSF into blood stream occurs.

Neuro 400 (10 decks)

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