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Neuro 400 > Class 2 > Flashcards

Class 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Mononeuropathy

A

Single peripheral nerve affected

Commonly the result of trauma

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1
Q

Compression syndromes of peripheral nerves

A

Cause local conduction block, but no structural damage

Numbness, tingling, pain and weakness.

Trauma –> inflammation –> impaired nerve transmission

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2
Q

Polyneuropathy

A

Several peripheral nerves affected

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3
Q

Radiculoneuropathy

A

Involves nerve root as it emerges from spinal cord

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4
Q

Polyradiculitis

A

Involvement of several nerve roots

Inflammatory response to infection.

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5
Q

Cervical plexus

A

Formed by anterior rami of C1-4

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6
Q

Superficial/sensory branches of cervical plexus

A

Lesser occipital
Great auricular
Transverse cervical
Supraclavicular

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7
Q

Lesser occipital branch

A

Sensory/superficial branch of cervical plexus

Origin: C2

Innervates: skin of scalp (posterior and superior to ear)

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8
Q

Great Auricular branch

A

Sensory/superficial branch of cervical plexus

Origin: C2-3

Innervates: skin anterior, inferior and over ear; skin over parotid glands

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9
Q

Transverse cervical branch

A

Sensory/superficial branch of cervical plexus

Origin: C2-3

Innervates: skin over anterior neck

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10
Q

Supraclavicular branch

A

Sensory/superficial branch of cervical plexus

Origin: c3-4

Innervates: skin over superior chest and shoulders

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11
Q

Deep (motor) branches of cervical plexus

A

Ansa cervicalis superior root
Ansa cervicalis inferior root
Phrenic
Segmental branches

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12
Q

Ansa cervicalis superior root

A

Deep branch of cervical plexus

Origin: C1

Innervates: infrahyoid and geniohyoid

  • loops with ACIR
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13
Q

Ansa cervicalis inferior root

A

Deep branch of cervical plexus

Origin: C2-3

Innervates: infrahyoid

  • loops with ACSR
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14
Q

Phrenic branch

A

Deep branch of cervical plexus

Origin: C3-5

Innervations: diaphragm

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15
Q

Segmental branches

A

Deep branches of cervical plexus

Origins: C1-5

Innervate: mm of neck, levator Scap, scalenes.

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16
Q

Severing spinal cord over what level causes respiratory arrest?

A

C3

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17
Q

Brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

Passes above R1, behind clavicle and enters axilla.

Supplies shoulders and arms

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18
Q

Branches of the brachial plexus

A 
Dorsal scapular
Long thoracic
Nerve to subclavius
Suprascapular
Musculocutaneous
Lateral pectoral
Upper subscapular
Thoracodorsal
Lower subscapular 
Axillary
Median
Radial
Medial pectoral
Medial cutaneous of arm
Medial cutaneous of forearm
Ulnar
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19
Q

Roots

A

Anterior rami of spinal nerves

Combine to form trunks

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20
Q

Trunks

A

Roots combine to form trunks.

In brachial plexus: superior, middle and inferior

Trunks divide into divisions

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21
Q

Divisions

A

What trunks divide into posterior to clavicle.

Unite in axilla to form cords

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22
Q

Cords

A

In axilla, what divisions untie to form.

Lateral, medial and posterior

Lead to branches.

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23
Q

Dorsal scapular nerve

A

C5

Levator scap
Rhomboids Major and minor

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24
Q

Long thoracic

A

C5-7

Serratus anterior

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25
Q

Nerve to subclavius

A

C5-6

Subclavius

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26
Q

Suprascapular

A

C5-6

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus

27
Q

Musculocutaneous

A

C5-7

Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
Biceps brachii

28
Q

Lateral pectoral

A

C5-7

Pec major

29
Q

Upper subscapular

A

C5-6

Subscapularis

30
Q

Thoracodorsal

A

C6-8

Lats

31
Q

Lower subscapular

A

C5-6

Subscapularis
Teres major

32
Q

Axillary

A

C5-6

Deltoids
Teres minor
Skin (delt, sup/post arm)

33
Q

Median

A

C5-T1

Forearm flexor (except FCU)
Some hand muscles
Skin of lat palmar hand and fingers

34
Q

Radial

A

C5-T1

Posterior arm
Skin of lat dorsal hand and post arm

35
Q

Medial pectoral

A

C8-T1

Pec major and minor

36
Q

Medial cutaneous nerve of arm

A

C8-T1

Skin of medial/posterior distal arm

37
Q

Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm

A

C8-T1

Skin of medial/posterior forearm

38
Q

Ulnar

A

C8-T1

FCU
FDP
Most hand muscles
Skin of medial hand and digit 5, medial 4

39
Q

C5

A

Dorsal scapular

40
Q

C5-6

A 
Nerve to subclavius 
Suprascapular
Upper subscapular 
Lower subscapular 
Axillary
41
Q

C5-7

A

Long thoracic
Musculocutaneous
Lateral pectoral

42
Q

C5-T1

A

Median

Radial

43
Q

C6-8

A

Thoracodorsal

44
Q

C8-T1

A

Median pectoral
Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
Medi cutaneous nerve of the forearm
Ulnar

45
Q

Erb-Duchenne palsy

A

Injury to superior root of brachial plexus (C5-6)

Traction injury

Distinguished by Waiters Tip.
No sensation over lateral arm

46
Q

Klumpke’s paralysis

A

Traction injury of lower brachial plexus
Medial and ulnar lesions

Claw hand
Sensory loss affecting C8-T1 dermatomes

47
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

Can result from Erb’s or Klumpke’s

Characterized by miosis, ptosis, anhydrosis, enophthalmos

48
Q

Miosis

A

Constriction of pupil

49
Q

Ptosis

A

Drooping eyelid

50
Q

Anhydrosis

A

Loss of sweating in face and neck

51
Q

Enophthalmos

A

Recession of eyeball into orbit

52
Q

Path of radial nerve

A

Posterior axillary wall, between long and medial heads of triceps

Spiral groove of humerus

Winds to lateral humerus, then anterior humerus btwn brachialis and brachioradialis

Branches just before supinator into posterior motor branch and superficial sensory branch.

Motor branch travels through supinator.

53
Q

Sx’s of radial nerve lesions

A

Altered sensation in posterior arm and hand (digits 1-3, half of 4)

If injury before elbow, both motor and sensory symptoms.

Wrist drop

54
Q

Crutch palsy

A

Radial nerve lesion at axilla

55
Q

Saturday night palsy

A

Radial nerve lesion at spiral groove at humerus.

56
Q

Posterior interosseus syndrome

A

Radial nerve lesion

Compression at arcade of Frohse (between heads of supinator)

Wrist drop

57
Q

Cheiralgia paresthetica

A

Radial nerve lesion as it passes under brachioradialis tendon

Sensory

Pain at dorsum of wrist, thumb, web space

“Handcuff syndrome”

58
Q

Path of median nerve

A

Medial humerus to cubital fossa (beside coracobrachialis)

Between heads of pronator teres, then deep

Can be compressed by FCR and FDS

Enters carpal tunnel.

59
Q

Symptoms of median nerve lesions

A 
Ape hand
Oath hand (only 4&5 can flex)

Difficulty grasping, pronating, flexing PIPs or DIPs 2-3.
Weak wrist flexion, thumb movements

60
Q

Ligament of Struthers

A

Unusual. Extra ligament running from spur on humerus to medial epicondyle.

12-15%

Can compress median nerve. Motor and sensory loss.

61
Q

Pronator teres syndrome

A

Median nerve compresses at proximal attachment of pronator teres.

Aching in anterior forearm, numbness in thumb and index finger.

Some thenar weakness

62
Q

Anterior interosseus syndrome

A

Median nerve lesion

Compression between heads of pronator teres.

Pain and motor loss at FPL, lateral half of FDP, pronator quadratic

Paralysis of digits 1-2. Can’t make OK.

63
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Most common entrapment condition in arm.
Numbness and tingling in 1-3, half of 4

Distinguished by night waking due to SX’s.

Compression in tunnel due to decreases tunnel size or increase size of contents.

64
Q

Structures that pass through carpal tunnel

A

flexor digitorum superficialis (4 tendons)
Flexor digitorum profundus (4 tendons)
Flexor pollicis longus (1 tendon)
Median nerve

Neuro 400 (10 decks)

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