Cerebrum

Question 1

Cerebral cortex

Answer 1

Surprisingly thin layer of grey matter

2-4 mm thick

Question 2

Gyri

Answer 2

AKA convolutions

The folds in the cerebral cortex

Question 3

Fissures

Answer 3

Deepest grooves between folds of cerebrum
Longitudinal (between right and left hemispheres. Falx cerebri)
Transverse (between cerebrum and cerebellum. tentorium cerebelli))

Question 4

Sulci

Answer 4

Shallow grooves between gyri

Question 5

Lateral cerebral sulcus

Answer 5

Between frontal and temporal lobes

Question 6

Central sulcus

Answer 6

Between frontal and parietal lobes

Question 7

Parieto-occipital sulcus

Answer 7

Between parietal and occipital

Question 8

Precentral gyrus

Answer 8

Anterior to central sulcus

Primary motor cortex

Question 9

Postcentral gyrus

Answer 9

Posterior to central sulcus

Primary somatosensory cortex

Question 10

Insula

Answer 10

“5th lobe”

Deep to parietal, frontal and temporal lobes. Within lateral cerebral sulcus

Question 11

Three types of cerebral white matter:

Answer 11

1. Association tracts
2. Commissural tracts
3. Projection tracts

Question 12

Association Tracts

Answer 12

Axons that conduct impulses between gyro in the same hemisphere

Question 13

Commissural Tracts

Answer 13

Axons that conduct impulses between corresponding gyri in different hemispheres

Question 14

3 major commissural tracts

Answer 14

1. corpus callosum
2. anterior commisure
3. posterior commisure

Question 15

Projection Tracts

Answer 15

Axons that conduct nerve impulses between the cerebrum and lower parts of the CNS

Question 16

Largest fibre bundle in the brain

Answer 16

Corpus callosum

Question 17

Basal Nuclei

Answer 17

Three grey matter nuclei within each cerebral hemisphere

1. globus pallidus
2. putamen
3. caudate nucleus

Interface between cortex and limbic system.
Receives input from cerebral cortex, and send output to motor cortex

Question 18

Lentiform Nucleus

Answer 18

In basal nuclei

globus pallidus + putamen

Question 19

Corpus Striatum

Answer 19

In basal nuclei

lentiform nucleus + caudate nucleus

Question 20

Claustrum

Answer 20

Thin sheet of grey matter next to putamen

Function unknown

Question 21

Functions of basal nuclei

Answer 21

1. regulates initiation and termination of movement
2. suppresses unwanted movement; regulates muscle tone
3. controls nonconscious contractions of skeletal muscle
4. influence some cognitive processes (initiating/terminating attention, memory, planning)

Question 22

Axons from substantial nigra terminate

Answer 22

In caudate nucleus and putamen

Question 23

Limbic System

Answer 23

“emotional brain”
Also involved with olfaction and memory

Composed of:
Limbic lobe
Dentate gyrus
Amygdala
Septal nuclei
Mammillary bodies (hypothalamus)
Anterior and medial nuclei (thalamus)
Olfactory bulbs
Fornix, stria terminalis, stria medialis, medial forebrain bundle and mammillothalamic tract

Question 24

Hippocampus

Answer 24

In limbic lobe (within parahippocampal gyrus)
Strongly involved in memory
Can undergo neurogenesis

Question 25

What two parts of the limbic system can undergo neurogenesis?

Answer 25

Hippocampus

Dentate gyrus

Question 26

What part of the brain is involved in fear conditioning?

Answer 26

Amygdala