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Anatomy exam 3 > The brain > Flashcards

The brain Flashcards

1
Q

4 major regions of the brain

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Diencephalon
  3. Brain Stem
  4. Cerebellum
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2
Q

where does the consciousness reside

A

cerebral hemispheres

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3
Q

gyri

A

superficial folds

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4
Q

sulci

A

depressions between gyri (folds)

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5
Q

5 regions of the brain after 5 weeks of develpment and what they later become

A
  1. Telencephalon - cerebrum
  2. Diencephalon - diencephalon
  3. Mesencephalon - mescencephalon
  4. Metencephalon - cerebellum and pons
  5. Myelencephalon - medula oblongata
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6
Q

Gray matter (cerebral cortex)

A

consists of mostly neuron cell boddies, glial cells and mylanated axons

located outside in brain and inside in spinal cord

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7
Q

White matter (cerebral medulla)

A

axons that are mylanated

Located inside in brain and outside in spinal cord

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8
Q

3 meninges that protect the brain

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

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9
Q

dura mater

A

outermost of the three meninges. It not only is found on the outside of the CNS, but also contributes to several inward partitions (septa) that separate parts of the brain

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10
Q

2 layers of the dura mater

A

superficial periosteal layer
deep meningeal layer

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11
Q

dural sinuses

A

periosteal layer and meningeal layer separate to form blood filled spaces. These sinuses eventually transport the blood to the internal jugular veins

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12
Q

this space exists between the cranium and the dura mater

A

epidural space

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13
Q

arachnoid mater

A

next layer under the dura mater

gets its name from its spidery legs, around which CSF flows

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14
Q

subarachnoid space

A

space in between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater

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15
Q

pia mater

A

innermost of the cranial meninges. It tightly adheres to the brain and follows every contour of the brain surface

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16
Q

4 dura septa

A
  1. falx cerebri
  2. tentorium cerebelli
  3. Falx cerebelli
  4. diaphragm sellae
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17
Q

falx cerebri

A

runs along the longitudinal fissure between the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Connects on crista gali and tentorium cerebelli

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18
Q

runs over the top of the cerebellum and is an enfolding of the dura matter

A

tentorium cerebelli

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19
Q

tentorial incisure/ notch

A

small opening just posterior to sella turcica

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20
Q

falx cerebelli

A

slightly partitions the cerebellum into left and right hemispheres

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21
Q

diaphragm sellae

A

forms a roof over the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

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22
Q

where are the 4 ventricles of the brain found

A

1 and 2 in the cerebrum, 3 in the diencephalon and 4 in the brainstem

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23
Q

what is the fourth ventricle associated with

A

choroid plexus

24
Q

helps with boyancy, protection and environmental stability
Circulates in the hollow ventricles of the brain, the central canal of the spinal cord, and the subarachnoid space

A

cerebrospinal fluid

25
Q

formed by the ependymal cells that line the ventricles and by nearby blood vessels

A

choroid plexi

26
Q

how does CSF drain

A

via the arachnoid villi

27
Q

major complication of congenital toxoplasmosis and is usually associated with substantial cerebral damage

A

hydrocephalus

28
Q

astrocytes

A

envelop the brain capillaries and reduce capillary permeability. This helps create the blood-brain barrier

29
Q

where is the blood brain barrier missing

A

choroid plexi, hypothalamus and the pineal gland

30
Q

cerebrum

A

derived from the embryonic forebrain and manages our higher brain function:

Conscious thought processes, intellectual function

Memory storage and processing

Conscious and sub conscious regulation of skeletal muscle contractions

31
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

divides cerebrum into left and right poritons

32
Q

Frontal lobe function

A

personality
decision making
motor functions

33
Q

Parietal lobe function

A

Sensory integration

34
Q

Temporal lobe function

A

hearing and smell

35
Q

Occipital lobe function

A

Visual Processing

36
Q

Insula function

A

memories
taste

37
Q

Coup-contrecoup

A

usually occurs from sudden deceleration. Brain hits front of head and bounces back and hits the back causing brain injury on both sides

38
Q

what does the diencephalon include

A

epithalamus
thalamus
hypothalamus

39
Q

epithalamus

A

melatonin
sleep/wake cycle

40
Q

thalamus

A

principal and final relay point for all sensory information except for the sense of smell(processed in cerebral cortex)

41
Q

hypothalamus

A

influences heart rate, blood pressure, digestive activites, respiration. It also controls body temp, influences emotional responses, hunger, thirst and circadian rhythms

42
Q

what is the brainstem composed of

A

midbrain (mesencephalon)
pons
medulla oblongata

43
Q

functions of mid brain

A

visual and auditory reflexes and contributes to control of posture and movemnet

44
Q

acts to relay impulses and contributes, along with the medulla oblongata, to the control of breathing

A

pons

45
Q

medulla oblongata

A

acts as sensory relay for several cranial nerves, relays information to the thalamus, as a cardiac center to help control the heart, as a vasomotor center to control diameter of blood vessels, control breathing, center for sneezing, coughing, swallowing and vomiting

46
Q

why doe the left side of your brain control your right side and viceversa

A

this occurs because the nerve fibers from the brain to the spinal cord cross over to opposite sides at the level of the medula oblongata

47
Q

arbor vitae

A

white matter located inside cerebellum

48
Q

cerebellar cortex

A

gray matter located on the outside of cerebellum

49
Q

what separates the cerebrum and the cerebellum

A

a dural septum called the tentorium cerebelli

50
Q

functions of the cerebellum

A

coordinates muscle contractions. maintains posture and balance and coordinates smooth, athletic motions

51
Q

ataxia

A

uncoordinated, jerky movements

52
Q

reticular formation

A

gets you our of subconscious state

can go into coma and maybe not wake up if damage occurs here

53
Q

limbic system

A

exerts important influence upon the endocrine and autonomic motor systems. It is important in memory formation, fear, happiness and sadness

54
Q

can occur whenever there is increased pressure in the brain; bleeding, tumors, infection etc

A

Rostrocaudal brain deterioration

55
Q

transtentorial herniation of cerebrum

A

cerebrum swells and tries to move out the tentorial incisure

56
Q

this will occur as the cerebrum pushes down on the midbrain

A

decorticate posturing

57
Q

this occurs if thrombus (clot) blocks blood flow to the brain
Can occur when a weakened wall of a blood vessel ruptures and cuts off blood supply to a portion of the brain

A

stroke

Anatomy exam 3 (6 decks)

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