axial muscles Flashcards
have both their origins and insertions on parts of the axial skeleton
axial muscles
control the movements of the upper and lower limbs and control the movements of the pectoral and pelvic girdles
appendicular muscles
what does the epicranius consist of
occipitofrontalis muscle
Galea Aponeurotica
Location and action of Frontal belly of the occopitofrontalis muscles
Location - forehead
Action - Elevates the eyebrows (wrinkles the forehead) Protract scalp
Location and action of occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle
Location - occipital bone
Action - retracts the scalp
Orbicularis oris muslce
location and action
Location - mouth
Action - closes the mouth and also puckers your lips
Platysma muscle
location and action
Location - anterior portion of neck
Action - pulls the lower lip inferiorly, tense skin of neck and depress the mandible
buccinator muscle
location and action
Location - between the maxillae and the mandible and composes much of the fleshy wall of the cheek
Action - “trumpeter” aids in sucking and blowing
Mastication
the process of chewing
Temporalis muscle
Location
Origin
insertion
action
Location - Temporal region of cranium
Origin - superior and inferior portion of the temporal bone
insertion - coronoid process of the mandible
Action - elevates and retracts mandible
Masseter muscle
location
origin
insertion
action
location - Posterior to buccinator, superficial to temporalis
origin - zygomatic arch
insertion - lateral surface and angle of mandible, lateral surface of coronoid process
action - elevates and protracts the mandible “chewer”
Medial and Lateral Pterygoid
Location
Action
Location - medial - near tmj, both internal to mandible
Action - elevates and protracts mandible, moves mandible laterally
Sternocleidomastoid
location
origin
insertion
action
location - Lateral borders of the suprasternal fossa
origin - Manubrium and sternal ends of the clavicles
insertion - mastoid process
action -
both contracted - head is pulled forward and down (flexed)
one contracted - lateral flexion of the neck and head turns to opposite side (rotation of the atlantoaxial joint)
Congenital muscular torticollis
tight sternocleidomastoind muscle
ear tilts towards tight side and nose rotates to opposite side
Spenius Capitus/semispinalis capitis
Location
Action
Location - Neck/shoulder joint
Spenius capitus - more superficial
semispinalis capitus - more deep
Action - extends and hyper extends the neck. unilateral contractions turn head and neck to the same side
Erector Spinae muscles
Location
Action
Location - runs down the spine
Action - extend the vertebral column and flex vertebral column laterally
transversospinalis
Location
Action
Location - deep to erector spinae
Action - extend the spine, lateral flextion
How to strengthen the erector spinae muscles
hyperextending the spine during exercises
relies upon muscles to increase the dimensions of the thoracic cavity
inhalation
normally passive and decreases the chest dimentions
exhalation
External intercostals
Location
Action
Location - extend interiormedially from superior rib to adjacent inferior rib (down and in)
Action - restful breathing. Elevates ribs up and out. Exhalation - muscles relax allowing the elastic recoil of lung tissue
Internal intercostals
Location
Action
Location - right angles to the more superfical external intercostals
(up and out)
Action - Forceful exhalation, depresses ribs. Used in coughing and sneezing and during exercise
diaphram
Location
Action
Location - Partition between thoracic and abdominal cavities
Action - Inhalation, contracts and flattens diaphram to pull lung interior and compress abdominopelvic cavity
Fracture/dislocation between C2 and C3 can result in what
repirator dependent quadriplegia
Linea Alba
vertical midline, rectus abdominis
Linea Semilunaris
Just lateral to rectus abdominis
Rectus Sheath
Surrounds Rectus abdominis
External Oblique
Location
Action
Location - Lateral and anterior superficial portions of abdominal cavity/forms inguinal ligament
(down and in)
Action - contract and compress abdomen, flexes the vertebral column and lateral trunk flexion and/or trunk rotation
inguinal ligament
inferior aspect of aponeurosis (v line)
Internal Oblique
Location
Action
Location - Immediately deep to external oblique (up and in)
Action - contract and compress abdomen, flexes the vertebral column and lateral trunk flexion and/or trunk rotation
Transverse Abdominis
Location
Action
Location - immediately deep to the internal obliques (parallel to ground)
Action - Compress abdominal wall, forces exhalation
Rectus Abdominis
Location
Origin
Insertion
Action
Location - Anterior portion of abdomen
Origin - Pubis near pubic symphysis
Insertion - xiphoid proxess and inferior surface of ribs
Action - Flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal wall
when you want to enter the abdominopelvic cavity surgically, where you should you select for entry points
linea albe, linea semilunaris
a group of muscles which supports the pelvic viscera and functions as a sphincter for the anus, urethra, and vagina in females
Levator ani
this is one of the 3 levator ani muscles, it is strengethend with kegal exercises to control urinary inconinence, and to compress the vagina to aid in sexual enjoyment during coitus
pubococcygeus muscle
episiotomy
performed on women as the fetal is bulging out of the vaginal opening during parturition
