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Anatomy exam 3 > axial muscles > Flashcards

axial muscles Flashcards

1
Q

have both their origins and insertions on parts of the axial skeleton

A

axial muscles

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2
Q

control the movements of the upper and lower limbs and control the movements of the pectoral and pelvic girdles

A

appendicular muscles

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3
Q

what does the epicranius consist of

A

occipitofrontalis muscle
Galea Aponeurotica

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4
Q

Location and action of Frontal belly of the occopitofrontalis muscles

A

Location - forehead
Action - Elevates the eyebrows (wrinkles the forehead) Protract scalp

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5
Q

Location and action of occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle

A

Location - occipital bone
Action - retracts the scalp

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6
Q

Orbicularis oris muslce
location and action

A

Location - mouth
Action - closes the mouth and also puckers your lips

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7
Q

Platysma muscle
location and action

A

Location - anterior portion of neck
Action - pulls the lower lip inferiorly, tense skin of neck and depress the mandible

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8
Q

buccinator muscle
location and action

A

Location - between the maxillae and the mandible and composes much of the fleshy wall of the cheek
Action - “trumpeter” aids in sucking and blowing

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9
Q

Mastication

A

the process of chewing

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10
Q

Temporalis muscle
Location
Origin
insertion
action

A

Location - Temporal region of cranium

Origin - superior and inferior portion of the temporal bone

insertion - coronoid process of the mandible

Action - elevates and retracts mandible

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11
Q

Masseter muscle
location
origin
insertion
action

A

location - Posterior to buccinator, superficial to temporalis

origin - zygomatic arch

insertion - lateral surface and angle of mandible, lateral surface of coronoid process

action - elevates and protracts the mandible “chewer”

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12
Q

Medial and Lateral Pterygoid
Location
Action

A

Location - medial - near tmj, both internal to mandible

Action - elevates and protracts mandible, moves mandible laterally

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13
Q

Sternocleidomastoid
location
origin
insertion
action

A

location - Lateral borders of the suprasternal fossa

origin - Manubrium and sternal ends of the clavicles

insertion - mastoid process

action -
both contracted - head is pulled forward and down (flexed)
one contracted - lateral flexion of the neck and head turns to opposite side (rotation of the atlantoaxial joint)

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14
Q

Congenital muscular torticollis

A

tight sternocleidomastoind muscle
ear tilts towards tight side and nose rotates to opposite side

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15
Q

Spenius Capitus/semispinalis capitis
Location
Action

A

Location - Neck/shoulder joint
Spenius capitus - more superficial
semispinalis capitus - more deep

Action - extends and hyper extends the neck. unilateral contractions turn head and neck to the same side

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16
Q

Erector Spinae muscles
Location
Action

A

Location - runs down the spine

Action - extend the vertebral column and flex vertebral column laterally

17
Q

transversospinalis
Location
Action

A

Location - deep to erector spinae

Action - extend the spine, lateral flextion

18
Q

How to strengthen the erector spinae muscles

A

hyperextending the spine during exercises

19
Q

relies upon muscles to increase the dimensions of the thoracic cavity

A

inhalation

20
Q

normally passive and decreases the chest dimentions

A

exhalation

21
Q

External intercostals
Location
Action

A

Location - extend interiormedially from superior rib to adjacent inferior rib (down and in)

Action - restful breathing. Elevates ribs up and out. Exhalation - muscles relax allowing the elastic recoil of lung tissue

22
Q

Internal intercostals
Location
Action

A

Location - right angles to the more superfical external intercostals
(up and out)
Action - Forceful exhalation, depresses ribs. Used in coughing and sneezing and during exercise

23
Q

diaphram
Location
Action

A

Location - Partition between thoracic and abdominal cavities

Action - Inhalation, contracts and flattens diaphram to pull lung interior and compress abdominopelvic cavity

24
Q

Fracture/dislocation between C2 and C3 can result in what

A

repirator dependent quadriplegia

25
Q

Linea Alba

A

vertical midline, rectus abdominis

26
Q

Linea Semilunaris

A

Just lateral to rectus abdominis

27
Q

Rectus Sheath

A

Surrounds Rectus abdominis

28
Q

External Oblique
Location
Action

A

Location - Lateral and anterior superficial portions of abdominal cavity/forms inguinal ligament
(down and in)

Action - contract and compress abdomen, flexes the vertebral column and lateral trunk flexion and/or trunk rotation

29
Q

inguinal ligament

A

inferior aspect of aponeurosis (v line)

30
Q

Internal Oblique
Location
Action

A

Location - Immediately deep to external oblique (up and in)

Action - contract and compress abdomen, flexes the vertebral column and lateral trunk flexion and/or trunk rotation

31
Q

Transverse Abdominis
Location
Action

A

Location - immediately deep to the internal obliques (parallel to ground)

Action - Compress abdominal wall, forces exhalation

32
Q

Rectus Abdominis
Location
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Location - Anterior portion of abdomen

Origin - Pubis near pubic symphysis

Insertion - xiphoid proxess and inferior surface of ribs

Action - Flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal wall

33
Q

when you want to enter the abdominopelvic cavity surgically, where you should you select for entry points

A

linea albe, linea semilunaris

34
Q

a group of muscles which supports the pelvic viscera and functions as a sphincter for the anus, urethra, and vagina in females

A

Levator ani

35
Q

this is one of the 3 levator ani muscles, it is strengethend with kegal exercises to control urinary inconinence, and to compress the vagina to aid in sexual enjoyment during coitus

A

pubococcygeus muscle

36
Q

episiotomy

A

performed on women as the fetal is bulging out of the vaginal opening during parturition

Anatomy exam 3 (6 decks)

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