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NUR 1112 - BIOSCIENCE > THE BRAIN > Flashcards

THE BRAIN Flashcards

1
Q

List 5 functions of the brain

A
  • receives, localises and interprets sensory input
  • generates the motor ouput
  • responsble for our emotions, behaviours and personality
  • cognitive function
    memories
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2
Q

why does the brain require a constant supply of oxygen and glucose

A

prevents neurons from dying

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3
Q

what is the largest part of the brain

A

the cerebrum

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4
Q

what is the cerebrum divided by?

A

2 cerebral hemisphere by a longitudinal fissure

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5
Q

describe the surface of the cerebrum

A

convuluted

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6
Q

name for a ridge

A

gyrus / gyri

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7
Q

name for a shallow groove

A

sulcus / sulci

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8
Q

what is the purpose of having gyri and sulcu covering the brain

A

increases the surface area of the cerebrum allowing for more neurons

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9
Q

name the 5 lobes

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula

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10
Q

each cerebral hemisphere is divided into 3 regions:

A

cerebral cortex
cerebral white matter
basal nuclei

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11
Q

what are the 5 functions of the nuclei found in the cerebral cortex

A
  • receive, localise and interpret sensory input
  • control voluntary skeletal muscle movement
  • intellectual and language function
  • memories
  • emotions, behaviours and personality
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12
Q

each cerebral cortex contains 3 main functional areas

A

motor areas
sensory areas
association areas

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13
Q

what is the function of a motor area in the cerebral cortex

A

controls voluntary skeletal muscle movements

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14
Q

what is the function of a sensory area in the cerebral cortex

A

receivess and localises sensory input

percieve sensations

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15
Q

what is the function of the association area of the cerebral cortex

A
  • interprets sensory input
  • plans and cordinates motor response
  • performs intellectual functions, memories, behaviour and personality
  • receives sensory input and sends motor output to the contralateral side of the body
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16
Q

list the 5 motor areas of the cerebral cortex

A 
broca's
frontal eye field
premotor cortex
primary motor cortex
central sulcus
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17
Q

where is the primary motor cortex located

A

in the precentral gyrus of each frontal lobe

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18
Q

what is the main function of the primary motor cortex

A

generates the somatic motor output that stimulates voluntary skeletal muscle movements

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19
Q

the amount of primary motor cortex devoted to controlling a body part is proportional to what

A

the complex nature of its movements

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20
Q

where are the sensory areas of the cerebral cortex located

A

insula, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes

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21
Q

where is the primary somotosensory cortex located

A

in the postcentral gyrus of each parietal lobe

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22
Q

what is the main function of the primary somatosensory cortex

A

receives general sensory information and perceives sensations of touch, pain, vibration, pressure, temperature and proprioception

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23
Q

the amount of sensory cortex devoted to a particular body part depends on the number of

A

receptors it has

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24
Q

what is the main function of the somoatosensory association area

A

receives general sensory input from the primary somatosensory cortex and interprets general sensory input and compares it to stored memories of past expriences.

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25
Q

where is the visual area located

A

occipital lobe

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26
Q

where is the auditory area located

A

in each temporal lobe

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27
Q

where is the olfactory cortex found

A

temporal lobe

28
Q

where is the gustatory cortex found

A

insula

29
Q

where is the visceral cortex found

A

insula

30
Q

where is the vestibular cortex found

A

insula

31
Q

function of the olfactory cortex

A

perceives different odours

32
Q

what is the function of the gustatory cortex

A

perceives taste

33
Q

what is the function of the visceral cortex

A

perceives visceral sensations

34
Q

what is the function of the vestibular cortex

A

awareness of balance

35
Q

where is the wernicke’s area located

A

left temporal lobe

36
Q

what is the function of the wernicke’s area

A

written and spoken language

37
Q

what is our prefrontal cortex responsible for?

A

intellect, complex learning abilities, personality and behaviour

38
Q

what is the cerebral white matter composed of

A

myelinated axons

39
Q

name the 3 types of tracts found in the cerebral white matter

A
  • commissural tracts
  • association tracts
  • projection tracts
40
Q

what does the commissural tract do

A

conducts info between 2 cerebral hemispheres

41
Q

what does the association tract do

A

conducts info between cortical areas in the same hemispheres

42
Q

what does the projection tract do

A

conducts info between the cerebral cortex and lower parts of the CNS

43
Q

Describe the cerebral basal nucelei

A

islands of gray matter deep within the white matter

44
Q

main function of the cerebral basal nuceli

A

communicates with the motor areas of the cerebral cortex to facilitate smooth skeletal muscle movements

45
Q

what is the secondest largest part of the brain

A

cerebellum

46
Q

outer cortex of the cerebellum is known as

A

cerebellar cortex

47
Q

the inner region of white matter in the cerebellum

A

arbor vitae

48
Q

main function of the cerebullum

A

smooth, coordinated skeletal movement, maintains posture and balance

49
Q

what is included in the diencephalon

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus

50
Q

what is the main function of the thalamus

A

relay station for information coming into the cerebral cortex

processes and integrates sensory input

relays sensory input to the correct cerebral destination

relays motor adjustments made by the basal nuclei and cerebellum.

51
Q

6 functions of the nuclei found in the hypothalamus

A
  • controls activities of the autonomic NS
  • regulates body temo
  • hunger, satiety and thirst
  • sleep wake cycles
  • emotions
52
Q

what main 2 hormones does the hypothalamus produce

A

ADH, oxytocin

53
Q

which part of the brain includes the pineal gland

A

epithalamus

54
Q

which hormone does the pineal gland produce

A

melatonin

55
Q

what are the 2 main functions of the limbic system

A
  • establishes and controls emotions

- formation of long term memories

56
Q

what does the hippocampus do

A

converts short term memories to long term memories

57
Q

what is included in the brain stem

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata and reticular formation

58
Q

what 2 main things does the medulla oblongata control

A

CV centre

Respiratory centre

59
Q

main function of the reticular activating system

A

maintains consciousness

60
Q

contusion is

A

bruising of the brain

61
Q

compare the 2 types of strokes

A

ischaemic stroke: blood clot in a cerebral artery

haemorrhagic stroke: ruptured blood vessel

62
Q

list 5 symptoms of a stroke

A

headache
muscle weakness
loss of vision
difficulty speaking / understanding

63
Q

alternative name for mini stroke

A

transient ischaemic attack

64
Q

what does the FAST acronym stand for

A

FACE
ARMS
SPEECH
TIME

65
Q

What part of the brain does alzheimers disease predomanetly affect

A

hippocampus and prefrontal cortex

66
Q

symptoms of alzheimers

A

memory loss
confusion
personality change
inability to read, write, talk, eat, walk

NUR 1112 - BIOSCIENCE (16 decks)

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