THE BRAIN

Question 1

List 5 functions of the brain

Answer 1

• receives, localises and interprets sensory input
• generates the motor ouput
• responsble for our emotions, behaviours and personality
• cognitive function
  memories

Question 2

why does the brain require a constant supply of oxygen and glucose

Answer 2

prevents neurons from dying

Question 3

what is the largest part of the brain

Answer 3

the cerebrum

Question 4

what is the cerebrum divided by?

Answer 4

2 cerebral hemisphere by a longitudinal fissure

Question 5

describe the surface of the cerebrum

Answer 5

convuluted

Question 6

name for a ridge

Answer 6

gyrus / gyri

Question 7

name for a shallow groove

Answer 7

sulcus / sulci

Question 8

what is the purpose of having gyri and sulcu covering the brain

Answer 8

increases the surface area of the cerebrum allowing for more neurons

Question 9

name the 5 lobes

Answer 9

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula

Question 10

each cerebral hemisphere is divided into 3 regions:

Answer 10

cerebral cortex
cerebral white matter
basal nuclei

Question 11

what are the 5 functions of the nuclei found in the cerebral cortex

Answer 11

• receive, localise and interpret sensory input
• control voluntary skeletal muscle movement
• intellectual and language function
• memories
• emotions, behaviours and personality

Question 12

each cerebral cortex contains 3 main functional areas

Answer 12

motor areas
sensory areas
association areas

Question 13

what is the function of a motor area in the cerebral cortex

Answer 13

controls voluntary skeletal muscle movements

Question 14

what is the function of a sensory area in the cerebral cortex

Answer 14

receivess and localises sensory input

percieve sensations

Question 15

what is the function of the association area of the cerebral cortex

Answer 15

• interprets sensory input
• plans and cordinates motor response
• performs intellectual functions, memories, behaviour and personality
• receives sensory input and sends motor output to the contralateral side of the body

Question 16

list the 5 motor areas of the cerebral cortex

Answer 16

broca's
frontal eye field
premotor cortex
primary motor cortex
central sulcus

Question 17

where is the primary motor cortex located

Answer 17

in the precentral gyrus of each frontal lobe

Question 18

what is the main function of the primary motor cortex

Answer 18

generates the somatic motor output that stimulates voluntary skeletal muscle movements

Question 19

the amount of primary motor cortex devoted to controlling a body part is proportional to what

Answer 19

the complex nature of its movements

Question 20

where are the sensory areas of the cerebral cortex located

Answer 20

insula, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes

Question 21

where is the primary somotosensory cortex located

Answer 21

in the postcentral gyrus of each parietal lobe

Question 22

what is the main function of the primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 22

receives general sensory information and perceives sensations of touch, pain, vibration, pressure, temperature and proprioception

Question 23

the amount of sensory cortex devoted to a particular body part depends on the number of

Answer 23

receptors it has

Question 24

what is the main function of the somoatosensory association area

Answer 24

receives general sensory input from the primary somatosensory cortex and interprets general sensory input and compares it to stored memories of past expriences.

Question 25

where is the visual area located

Answer 25

occipital lobe

Question 26

where is the auditory area located

Answer 26

in each temporal lobe

Question 27

where is the olfactory cortex found

Answer 27

temporal lobe

Question 28

where is the gustatory cortex found

Answer 28

insula

Question 29

where is the visceral cortex found

Answer 29

insula

Question 30

where is the vestibular cortex found

Answer 30

insula

Question 31

function of the olfactory cortex

Answer 31

perceives different odours

Question 32

what is the function of the gustatory cortex

Answer 32

perceives taste

Question 33

what is the function of the visceral cortex

Answer 33

perceives visceral sensations

Question 34

what is the function of the vestibular cortex

Answer 34

awareness of balance

Question 35

where is the wernicke's area located

Answer 35

left temporal lobe

Question 36

what is the function of the wernicke's area

Answer 36

written and spoken language

Question 37

what is our prefrontal cortex responsible for?

Answer 37

intellect, complex learning abilities, personality and behaviour

Question 38

what is the cerebral white matter composed of

Answer 38

myelinated axons

Question 39

name the 3 types of tracts found in the cerebral white matter

Answer 39

- commissural tracts - association tracts - projection tracts

Question 40

what does the commissural tract do

Answer 40

conducts info between 2 cerebral hemispheres

Question 41

what does the association tract do

Answer 41

conducts info between cortical areas in the same hemispheres

Question 42

what does the projection tract do

Answer 42

conducts info between the cerebral cortex and lower parts of the CNS

Question 43

Describe the cerebral basal nucelei

Answer 43

islands of gray matter deep within the white matter

Question 44

main function of the cerebral basal nuceli

Answer 44

communicates with the motor areas of the cerebral cortex to facilitate smooth skeletal muscle movements

Question 45

what is the secondest largest part of the brain

Answer 45

cerebellum

Question 46

outer cortex of the cerebellum is known as

Answer 46

cerebellar cortex

Question 47

the inner region of white matter in the cerebellum

Answer 47

arbor vitae

Question 48

main function of the cerebullum

Answer 48

smooth, coordinated skeletal movement, maintains posture and balance

Question 49

what is included in the diencephalon

Answer 49

thalamus hypothalamus epithalamus

Question 50

what is the main function of the thalamus

Answer 50

relay station for information coming into the cerebral cortex processes and integrates sensory input relays sensory input to the correct cerebral destination relays motor adjustments made by the basal nuclei and cerebellum.

Question 51

6 functions of the nuclei found in the hypothalamus

Answer 51

- controls activities of the autonomic NS - regulates body temo - hunger, satiety and thirst - sleep wake cycles - emotions

Question 52

what main 2 hormones does the hypothalamus produce

Answer 52

ADH, oxytocin

Question 53

which part of the brain includes the pineal gland

Answer 53

epithalamus

Question 54

which hormone does the pineal gland produce

Answer 54

melatonin

Question 55

what are the 2 main functions of the limbic system

Answer 55

- establishes and controls emotions | - formation of long term memories

Question 56

what does the hippocampus do

Answer 56

converts short term memories to long term memories

Question 57

what is included in the brain stem

Answer 57

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata and reticular formation

Question 58

what 2 main things does the medulla oblongata control

Answer 58

CV centre | Respiratory centre

Question 59

main function of the reticular activating system

Answer 59

maintains consciousness

Question 60

contusion is

Answer 60

bruising of the brain

Question 61

compare the 2 types of strokes

Answer 61

ischaemic stroke: blood clot in a cerebral artery haemorrhagic stroke: ruptured blood vessel

Question 62

list 5 symptoms of a stroke

Answer 62

headache muscle weakness loss of vision difficulty speaking / understanding

Question 63

alternative name for mini stroke

Answer 63

transient ischaemic attack

Question 64

what does the FAST acronym stand for

Answer 64

FACE ARMS SPEECH TIME

Question 65

What part of the brain does alzheimers disease predomanetly affect

Answer 65

hippocampus and prefrontal cortex

Question 66

symptoms of alzheimers

Answer 66

memory loss confusion personality change inability to read, write, talk, eat, walk