INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY Flashcards
List the level of tissue organization
atoms molecules and macromolecules organelle cell tissue organ organ systen organism
fluid inside the cell is known as __________ ( )
intracellular fluid (ICF)
fluid outside the cell is called _________ ( )
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID (ecf)
96% of the body mass is made up of which 4 elements
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
list the 3 types of chemical reactions
synthesis / anabolic
decomposition /catabolic
exchange/ displacement
what is a catalyst
substance that increases rate of reaction
compare organic vs inorganic molecules
complex / simpler
c and H / none
water insoluble / water soluble
4 macromolecules / ionic compounds
positively charges ions
cations
negatively charged ions
anions
substances that release ions in water are called
electrolytes
what is the pH scale
measure of how acidic or basic a solution is
solutions with a lower concentration of hydrogen ions are more ________/ ________
basic / alkaline
solutions with a higher concentration of hydrogen ions are more _______
acidic
normal plasma pH range
7.35 - 7.45
acidosis pH level
<7.35
alkalosis pH level
> 7.45
describe Acidosis
pH is too low
too many H ions
describe Alkalosis
pH is too high
too few H ions
macromolecules are ________ that are chain like molecules made up of repeating units called _______
polymers
monomers
purpose of triglycerides
- long term energy storage
- thermal insulation
- protection from mechanical trauma
lipids have a ______ head and a _______ tail
pentagon -
rectangle -
circle_
ribose sugar
base
phosphate
fibrous proteins are also known as _________ proteins
structual
globular proteins are also known as _______ proteins
functional
describe fibrous proteins
elongated, strand like
stable
describe globular protein
compact, spherical
chemically active
examples of structual proteins
keratin and collagen
examples of globular proteins
enzymes, hormones
list 4 variables that must be regulated in order to maintain a stable internal environment
gas concentration
nutrient level
water volume and pressure
electrolyte concentration
name the 2 homeostatic control mechanisms
nervous and endocrine
compare nervous impulses and hormones in relation to homeostatic control mechanism
electrical // chemical
rapid // slow
short lived // long lived
limited target range // wide target range
blood composition
plasma
buffy coat
er+ythrocytes
list the strucutual characterisitcs of erythrocyes to facilitate gas transport
biconcave shape - less SA to volume // stackable
No organelles - more space for Hb
Flexible
haemoglobin - what does it bind to
binds both oxygen and carbon dioxide
in the lungs
oxygen levels are high —- haemoglobin binds with _____
carbon dioxide levels are low —- haemoglobin releases ______
oxygen
carbon
in the tissue
oxygen levels are low —— hb releases _____
Carbon dioxie levels are high ____ hb binds with
oxygen
carbon
where are leukocytes formed
in the bone marrow
primary function of leukocytes
defence
which leukocytes conduct phagocytosis
neutrophils and monocytes
where are platelets formed
in the bone marrow
what is the function of platelets
assist in blood clotting
name the 3 main functions of blood
distribution
regulation
protection
name 3 things that the blood distributes
oxygen/ carbon dioxide
nutrients and wastes
hormones
what 3 things does blood regulate
interstitial fluid composition
pH
body temp
in what 2 ways does the blood protect the body
infection control
prevention of blood loss
