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NUR 1112 - BIOSCIENCE > INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY Flashcards

1
Q

List the level of tissue organization

A 
atoms 
molecules and macromolecules 
organelle 
cell 
tissue 
organ 
organ systen 
organism
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2
Q

fluid inside the cell is known as __________ ( )

A

intracellular fluid (ICF)

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3
Q

fluid outside the cell is called _________ ( )

A

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID (ecf)

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4
Q

96% of the body mass is made up of which 4 elements

A

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

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5
Q

list the 3 types of chemical reactions

A

synthesis / anabolic
decomposition /catabolic
exchange/ displacement

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6
Q

what is a catalyst

A

substance that increases rate of reaction

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7
Q

compare organic vs inorganic molecules

A

complex / simpler
c and H / none
water insoluble / water soluble
4 macromolecules / ionic compounds

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8
Q

positively charges ions

A

cations

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9
Q

negatively charged ions

A

anions

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10
Q

substances that release ions in water are called

A

electrolytes

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11
Q

what is the pH scale

A

measure of how acidic or basic a solution is

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12
Q

solutions with a lower concentration of hydrogen ions are more ________/ ________

A

basic / alkaline

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13
Q

solutions with a higher concentration of hydrogen ions are more _______

A

acidic

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14
Q

normal plasma pH range

A

7.35 - 7.45

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15
Q

acidosis pH level

A

<7.35

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16
Q

alkalosis pH level

A

> 7.45

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17
Q

describe Acidosis

A

pH is too low

too many H ions

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18
Q

describe Alkalosis

A

pH is too high

too few H ions

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19
Q

macromolecules are ________ that are chain like molecules made up of repeating units called _______

A

polymers

monomers

20
Q

purpose of triglycerides

A
  • long term energy storage
  • thermal insulation
  • protection from mechanical trauma
21
Q

lipids have a ______ head and a _______ tail

A
22
Q

pentagon -
rectangle -
circle_

A

ribose sugar
base
phosphate

23
Q

fibrous proteins are also known as _________ proteins

A

structual

24
Q

globular proteins are also known as _______ proteins

A

functional

25
Q

describe fibrous proteins

A

elongated, strand like

stable

26
Q

describe globular protein

A

compact, spherical

chemically active

27
Q

examples of structual proteins

A

keratin and collagen

28
Q

examples of globular proteins

A

enzymes, hormones

29
Q

list 4 variables that must be regulated in order to maintain a stable internal environment

A

gas concentration
nutrient level
water volume and pressure
electrolyte concentration

30
Q

name the 2 homeostatic control mechanisms

A

nervous and endocrine

31
Q

compare nervous impulses and hormones in relation to homeostatic control mechanism

A

electrical // chemical
rapid // slow
short lived // long lived
limited target range // wide target range

32
Q

blood composition

A

plasma
buffy coat
er+ythrocytes

33
Q

list the strucutual characterisitcs of erythrocyes to facilitate gas transport

A

biconcave shape - less SA to volume // stackable
No organelles - more space for Hb
Flexible

34
Q

haemoglobin - what does it bind to

A

binds both oxygen and carbon dioxide

35
Q

in the lungs
oxygen levels are high —- haemoglobin binds with _____
carbon dioxide levels are low —- haemoglobin releases ______

A

oxygen

carbon

36
Q

in the tissue
oxygen levels are low —— hb releases _____
Carbon dioxie levels are high ____ hb binds with

A

oxygen

carbon

37
Q

where are leukocytes formed

A

in the bone marrow

38
Q

primary function of leukocytes

A

defence

39
Q

which leukocytes conduct phagocytosis

A

neutrophils and monocytes

40
Q

where are platelets formed

A

in the bone marrow

41
Q

what is the function of platelets

A

assist in blood clotting

42
Q

name the 3 main functions of blood

A

distribution
regulation
protection

43
Q

name 3 things that the blood distributes

A

oxygen/ carbon dioxide
nutrients and wastes
hormones

44
Q

what 3 things does blood regulate

A

interstitial fluid composition
pH
body temp

45
Q

in what 2 ways does the blood protect the body

A

infection control

prevention of blood loss

NUR 1112 - BIOSCIENCE (16 decks)

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