The Brain Flashcards
Four major parts of the brain
Brain stem
Diencephalon
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem contains
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Midbrain
Diencephalon
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pineal gland
Cerebrum
Bulk of the brain
Surface is composed of a thin layer of gray matter, the cerebral cortex
CSF circulates through
The subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord and through cavities in the brain known as ventricles
Number of ventricles?
4
2 lateral
1 3rd
1 4th
Site of CSF production
Choroid plexuses
From which ventricle does the CSF flow from into the central canal
Fourth ventricle
The CSF is reabsorbed into the blood via
Arachnoid villi
The CSF drains primarily into which vein
Superior Sagittarius sinus
Reticular formation of the brain stem
Where white and grey matter intermingle
Medulla oblongata
Continuation of the spinal cord
Contains ascending and descending tracts btw the spinal cord and the brain
Two major nuclei of the medulla
Cardiovascular center
Medullary respiratory center
Medulla contains nuclei associated with
posterior part
Touch
Pressure
Vibration
And conscious proprioception
Reflexes the medulla control
Swallowing Vomiting Coughing Hiccuping Sneezing
What are the five cranial nerves associated with the medulla
Vestibulcochlear (CNXIII) Glossopharyngeal (IX) Vagus (X) Accessory (XI) Hypoglossal (XII)
PONs
Sites where signals for voluntary movements that originate in the cerebral cortex are relayed into the cerebellum
Pons plus the medullary respiratory center helps control
Breathing
Nerves associated with the pons
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial vestibulocochlear
Midbrain
Connects the pons to the dicephalon
Anterior midbrain contains a pair of large tracts called the
Cerebral peduncles
Cerebral peduncles function
Contain axons of motor neurons that conduct nerve impulses from the cerebrum to the spinal cord, medulla, and pons
Loss of these neurons are associated with Parkinson’s disease?
Substantia nigra ( large and darkly pigmented)
The red nuclei of the mud brain form synapses with axons from the cerebellum and cerebral cortex which function with the cerebellum to coordinate
Muscular movements
Cranial nerves Associated with the midbrain
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Several reflex arcs pass thru this structure involved tracking and scanning movements of the eye, head, and neck due to visual stimuli
(Midbrain)
Superior colliculi
Reflex center for startle reflex, sudden movements of the head and body that occur when surprised by a loud noise
Relay auditory pathways to the thalamus
Inferior colliculi
Ascending part of the reticular formation in the midbrain
Reticular activating system (RAS)
RAS is involved in
Consciousness
State of wakefulness
Inactivation of what produces sleep
RAS
The reticular formation’s main descending function help regulate
Muscle tone
Major relay station for most sensory impulses that reach the cerebral cortex from the spinal cord and brain stem
Plays a role in the maintain of consciousness
Thalamus
Below the thalamus
Above the pituitary gland
Function related to homeostasis
Hypothalamus
Control of the ANS
Control of the pituitary and production of hormones
Regulation of emotional and behavioral patterns
Regulation of eating and drinking
Control of body temp
Regulation of circadian rhythms and states of consciousness
Hypothalamus
Pea size
Secreted melatonin
Pineal gland
Helps smooth and coordinate complex sequence of skeletal muscle contraction
Cerebellum
Consists of the cerebral cortex
Ability to read, write, and speak etc
Cerebrum
What connects the two hemispheres
Corpus callosum
The four lines of the cerebrum
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
What separate the frontal and parietal lobes
Central sulcus
What contains the primary motor area of the cerebral cortex
Precentral gyrus
Contains primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex
Postcentral gyrus
“ globus pallidus”
“ putamen
“ caudate nucleus”
Help initiate and terminate movements
Regulate muscle tone
Subconscious contractions of muscle
Basal nuclei
Ring of structures on the inner border of the cerebrum “Emotional brain” Controls range of emotions Px Pleasure etc Control of overall behavior Memory
Limbic system
Lobe that contains the primary somatosensory region
Parietal lobe
The primary visual area
Occipital lobe
Primary auditory area
Temporal lobe
Primary gustatory area located at the base of postcentral gyrus and receives impulses for taste
Blank
The primary olfactory area located
On the medial aspect of the temporal lobe
Primary motor area and Broca’s area is located
In the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe
