The biology of controlling fertility Flashcards
infertility treatments and contraception are based on
the biology of fertility
Males are constantly
fertile
females fertility is cyclical and most fertile period is a
few days before 1-2 days after ovulation
The time of ovulation can be estimated by the:
0.5 body temperature increase
thinning of cervical mucus
female infertility drugs can be used
to stimulate ovulation
ovulation or fertility drugs can be used
to stimulate ovulation
some ovulatory drugs work by preventing the negative feedback effect of
of oestrogen on FSH
some ovulation drugs mimic the action of
FSH and LH
ovulatory drugs can cause super ovulation, which can result in
multiple births
ovulatory drugs can be used to collect ova for
in vitro fertilisation (IVF)
Artificial insemination is a treatment
in which semen is inserted into female reproductive tract without intercourse.
male;
Artificial insemination is particularly
useful where the male has low sperm count
Artificial insemination involves
collecting and combining several samples of semen over period of time
If a male partner is infertile (sterile) sperm form
a donor may be used
IVF involves the surgical removal
of eggs from ovaries after hormone stimulation,
intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), can be used during IVF treatment , if
mature sperm are defective or very low in number
ICSI involves the head of sperm
being drawn into a needle and injected directly into the egg to achieve fertilisation
Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)
is used in conjunction with IVF to identify single gene disorders and chromosome abnormalities
methods of contraception act by preventing
fertilisation or implantation
methods of contraception
physical & contraception
physical methods of contraception
intrauterine devices (IUD) condom diaphragm cervical cap sterilisation
chemical methods of contraception
hormonal methods
- combinations of synthetic hormones
- mimic negative feedback by preventing release of FSH/LH
- some prevent implantation( morning after school)
- some cause thickening of cervical mucus (progesterone)
