pathology of cardiovascular disease Flashcards
atherosclerosis is the
accumulation of fatty material, fibrous material and calcium, forming an atheroma or plaque
An Atheroma forms beneath the endothelium (inner lining) of
of the artery wall
as an atheroma grows, the artery
thickness and loses its elasticity
an atheroma reduces the diameter of lumen of an artery,which
restricts blood flow and results in increased blood pressure
atherosclerosis is the root cause of various cardiovascular diseases such as:
angina
heart attack
stroke
peripheral vascular disorders
if an atheroma ruptures , the damage to the endothelium causes
clotting factors
clotting factors cause the enzyme prothrombin to be converted
into its active form thrombin
thrombin causes molecules of the double plasma protein fibrinogen to form
into its active form thrombin
Fibrin threads form a meshwork that paletes adhere to , forming a blood clot, which
seals a wound and provides a scaffold for the formation of scar tissue
thrombosis formation of
blood clot in a vessel
if thrombosis breaks loose it forms
embolus
thrombosis in a coronary artery can lead to a
myocardial infarction
thrombosis in an artery in the brain can lead to a
stroke
thrombosis normally results in the death of some of the tissue served by the blocked artery as the cells are
deprived of oxygen
peripheral vascular disorder include narrowing of arteries due to atherosclerosis of arteries other than those of
the heart or brain
