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Psychology: Approaches > The biological approach > Flashcards

The biological approach Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the biological approach?

A

The belief that all aspects of psychological functioning can be explained in terms of biological structures

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2
Q

What are genes?

A

A section of DNA that codes for a certain characteristic

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3
Q

What is the genotype?

A

The genetic makeup of an individual

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4
Q

What is the phenotype?

A

The outward characteristics displayed by an individual

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5
Q

What is the phenotype an interaction of?

A

The genotype and the environment

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6
Q

How much DNA do monozygotic twins share?

A

100%

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7
Q

How much DNA do dizygotic twins share?

A

50%

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8
Q

What do twin studies show?

A

A genetic link

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9
Q

What is a concordance rate?

A

The percentage of twins that both exhibit a certain behaviour

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10
Q

What is the concordance rate for OCD?

A

MZ = 68%
DZ = 31%

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11
Q

What are the 2 parts of the nervous system?

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS)

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12
Q

What are the 2 components of the central nervous system?

A

The brain and the spinal cord

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13
Q

What can the peripheral nervous system be subdivided into?

A

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the somatic nervous system (SNS)

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14
Q

What is the largest part of the brain?

A

The cerebrum

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15
Q

What percentage of the brain does the cerebrum make up?

A

85%

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16
Q

What is the outer layer of the cerebrum called?

A

The cerebral cortex

17
Q

What is the cerebral cortex responsible for?

A

High order functions

18
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

A

Temporal, parietal, frontal and occipital

19
Q

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

Functions such as speech and thought

20
Q

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

A

Processing sensory information

21
Q

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

A

Memory and hearing

22
Q

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

A

Processing visual information

23
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messengers that are produced by endocrine glands

24
Q

Where are hormones secreted?

A

Into the bloodstream

25
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Chemicals involved in synaptic transmission

26
Q

What are the 2 types of neurotransmitters?

A

Inhibitory and excitatory

27
Q

What are inhibitory neurotransmitters?

A

Neurotransmitters that stop a nerve impulse from being generated

28
Q

What are excitatory neurotransmitters?

A

Neurotransmitters that increase the chance of a nerve impulse being generated

29
Q

Give an example of an excitatory neurotransmitter.

A

Dopamine

30
Q

Give an example of an inhibitory neurotransmitter.

A

Serotonin

31
Q

What does dopamine control?

A

Our drive/motivation

32
Q

What does serotonin control?

A

Mood stability

33
Q

Who proposed natural selection?

A

Charles Darwin

34
Q

What is natural selection?

A

The process by which advantageous characteristics that improve chances of survival are passed down to offspring

35
Q

How many species of animals did Buss study?

A

37

36
Q

What did Buss find about female mate preference?

A

They preferred mates with resources

37
Q

What did Buss find about male mate preference?

A

They preferred young and physically attractive mates

Psychology: Approaches (7 decks)

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