The behaviourist approach

Question 1

What is the behaviourist approach?

Answer 1

The belief that human behaviour can be solely explained by conditioning

Question 2

What are the 2 types of conditioning?

Answer 2

Classical and Operant

Question 3

Who studied classical conditioning?

Answer 3

Pavlov

Question 4

What animals did Pavlov study?

Answer 4

Dogs

Question 5

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 5

Learning via association

Question 6

What are the 5 components of classical conditioning?

Answer 6

Unconditioned stimulus (UCS), unconditioned response (UR), neutral stimulus (NS), conditioned stimulus (CS) and conditioned response (CR)

Question 7

What was Pavlov’s unconditioned stimulus?

Answer 7

Food

Question 8

What was Pavlov’s unconditioned response?

Answer 8

Salivation

Question 9

What was Pavlov’s neutral stimulus?

Answer 9

A ringing bell

Question 10

What was Pavlov’s conditioned stimulus?

Answer 10

A ringing bell

Question 11

What was Pavlov’s conditioned response?

Answer 11

Salivation

Question 12

What must be paired together during classical conditioning?

Answer 12

The unconditioned stimulus and the neutral stimulus

Question 13

Why is timing important for classical conditioning?

Answer 13

If the stimuli aren’t paired together in a short period of time, the association won’t be formed?

Question 14

What is extinction with regards to classical conditioning?

Answer 14

When the association disappears due to the stimuli not being paired together

Question 15

What is spontaneous recovery with regards to classical conditioning?

Answer 15

When an association between the NS and UCS is formed much quicker secondarily

Question 16

What is stimulus generalisation with regards to classical conditioning?

Answer 16

When the CR occurs in the presence of stimuli that is similar to the CS

Question 17

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 17

Learning via punishment and reinforcement

Question 18

Who studied operant conditioning?

Answer 18

Skinner

Question 19

What animals did Skinner study?

Answer 19

Rats

Question 20

What was Skinner’s special rat cage called?

Answer 20

Skinner box

Question 21

In Skinner’s study, what was the reinforcer?

Answer 21

The food pellet

Question 22

What is reinforcement?

Answer 22

Something in the environment that makes a behaviour more likely to happen

Question 23

What are the 2 types of reinforcement?

Answer 23

Negative and positive

Question 24

What is positive reinforcement?

Answer 24

Rewarding a behaviour in the hopes it will happen again

Question 25

What is negative reinforcement?

Answer 25

Removing something unpleasant when a behaviour occurs in the hopes it will happen again

Question 26

What is punishment?

Answer 26

Something in the environment that makes a behaviour less likely to occur

Question 27

What is positive punishment?

Answer 27

Adding an unpleasant consequence when a behaviour occurs in the hopes it won’t happen again

Question 28

What is negative punishment?

Answer 28

Removing something pleasant when a behaviour occurs in the hopes it won’t happen again