The Begginings Of change Of Medicine Flashcards
Hat turning points marked the change from mediaeval period to early modern period 1500?
- development of renaissance long term intellectual shift and rediscovery of classical culture, people questioning wisdom and consulting original texts and trusting their own observations
- beginning of reformation from 1517 Catholic Church’s control over intellectual life was losing power and slowly people began to challenge accepted beliefs
- technological developments e.g invention of printing press meant ideas could spread faster and more reliably
Who was Andreas Vesalius?
1514-64
Carried out own dissections showing the errors of Galen’s understanding of anatomy
His book De fabrica corporis Humani illustrated with numerous detailed engravings
Who was Ambrose Pare?
1510-1590
Had huge practical experience as a result of his work as an army surgeon
Published a book Oeuvres in 1575 he was a surgeon to the French court serving 4 kings over 38 year period
Discovered that you could tie of an artery then use stitches however doctors even 100 years later still used old methods
Invented mechanical limbs
Who was Leonardo da Vinci
Artist
Observed and carried out dissections in order to inform his artistic work
His illustration is dissections, while detailed remained in manuscript form so were seen by very few people
Who was Thomas Linacre?
Studied in Italy and qualified as a physician in Padua. Translated and published scholarly editions of some of Gals s. Work in Latin. Instrumental in setting up lectureships in medicine at both Oxford and Cambridge. Instrumental in foundation of Royal College of Physicians in 1518
Who was John Caius?
Studied in Padua under Versalius
Translated and published scholarly editions of some of Glens works in Latin
Published account of the sweating sickness based on his own observations
Pioneered the study of anatomy in England arranging for the bodies of two excuted criminals to be dissected yearly
Who was William Harvey?
Studied in Padua. Interested in Physiology particularly blood and using experiments and dissection proved that blood circulates around the body using arteries and veins with valves. Also showed that heart acted as a pump for the system
Also able to show that Galens belief that the liver not the heart was at the centre of the body was wrong
Who was Thomas Sydenham?
Published books on different specific diseases based on his own observations best known book observations Mediciea became a standard medical textbook for 2 centuries
Known as English Hippocrates believed in close observation of patients and scientific method.
Developed a successful treatment for small pox (cool therapy) opposite to what previous doctors were doing and trying to get the patien5 to sweat out the disease.
What was a quack?
Unqualified medical practitioner selling unproven medicines
What was an Elixir?
‘Medicine’ designed to prevent or cure any illnesses
How as medicine developing in the early modern period?
- 1618 college of physicians published a book the London Pharmocopoeia which listed medical compounds and their ingredients. College enforced all recipes on pharmacies in London and had power to destroy and the they did not approve of
- 1653 publificatipn of Nicholas Culpepers complete Herbal (in English) allowed literate people to make their own effective remedies
-importation of new plants opium, tobacco, rhubarb, chinchona bark and senna meant herbal remedies were more effective - quack doctors selling elixirs were more likely to kill patients than cure them
- quack doctors preyed on the poor who could not afford to consult better qualified physicians
The foundling Hospital
1741
Opened by sea captain Thomas Cora. Took him ten years to raise funds for hospital. Founded to care for a bonded babies born out of wedlock. Founded by donations the babies were fostered until they were 5 then brought to live in hospital until 15.
However it was a loterry many more applicants than places available. Girls were trained to be servants and boys to be in the army
St Bartholomews Hospital
Founded as religious institution in 1123 did not get closed down by reformation. Supported by City of London and private donors. Gradually moved form being a hostel for the poor to a place of treatment and research. Harvey did his research on circulation here.
Training and research were prioritised. Hospital moving to be more like a modern hospital
St Thomas’s Hospital
Founded as a religious institution caring for poor in 12th century was closed down during dissolution of monasteries but opened up a few years later. Was involved with medical training form mid 16th century
Royal hospital for Seamen, Greenwich
Founded in 1694 by royal Charter supported by Mary II and her husband William III it was I tended to provide a place of refuge for elderly and injured seamen who had served in the Royal Navy. Gave care for disabled as a result of warfare.
