The Basics

Question 1

intracellular electrolytes

Answer 1

potassium and magnesium

Question 2

extracellular electrolytes

Answer 2

sodium and chloride (blood, lymph, etc.)

Question 3

electrolytes

Answer 3

vital to body pH and homeostasis: essential minerals

Question 4

in charge of electrolytes

Answer 4

endocrine, vascular, GI, kidney

Question 5

Sodium

Answer 5

136-145 mEq/L

Question 6

Potassium

Answer 6

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Question 7

Calcium

Answer 7

9.0-10.5 mg/dL

Question 8

Solvent

Answer 8

a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

Question 9

Solute

Answer 9

dissolved matter in a substance (solution) example: electrolytes

Question 10

Ions

Answer 10

A particle, atom, or molecule with a net electrical charge

Question 11

Filtration

Answer 11

A clinical example would be BP.

Question 12

Diffusion

Answer 12

A clinical example is transport of most electrolytes and other particles through the cell membrane.

Question 13

Fluid types

Answer 13

Isomotic-Isotonic (normotonic)-Hyperosmotic or Hypertonic-Hypo-osmotic or Hypotonic

Question 14

Fluid balance is…

Answer 14

closely linked to/affected by electrolyte concentrations.

Question 15

Amount and distribution of body fluids affected by:

Answer 15

age, gender, fat.

Question 16

Fluid intake is regulated through…

Answer 16

thrist drive.

Question 17

Fluid loss is through…

Answer 17

lungs, GI tract, skin, kidneys, intestinal tract.

Question 18

Risk for insensible water loss (6)

Answer 18

mechanically ventilated, continuous GI suctioning, thyroid crisis, trauma, extreme stress, fever

Question 19

Hormones…

Answer 19

Regulate fluid balance.

Question 20

Aldosterone

Answer 20

secreted by adrenal cortex when sodium levels in the ECF are low

Question 21

Antidiuretic hormone-vasopressin

Answer 21

released from the posterior pituitary gland in response to changes in blood osmolarity

Question 22

Natriuretic peptides

Answer 22

Hormones secreted by special cells that line the atria of the heart and the heart’s ventricles

Question 23

It is most important to keep what in balance?

Answer 23

blood volume and intracellular fluid

Question 24

Kidneys do what?

Answer 24

Regulate water and sodium balance…maintain perfusion to all tissues/organs

Question 25

Kidneys will secrete…

Answer 25

renin when low parameters are sensed.

Question 26

Great amounts of renin are secreted wh

en

Answer 26

shock or the stress response is activated.