The Basics Flashcards
intracellular electrolytes
potassium and magnesium
extracellular electrolytes
sodium and chloride (blood, lymph, etc.)
electrolytes
vital to body pH and homeostasis: essential minerals
in charge of electrolytes
endocrine, vascular, GI, kidney
Sodium
136-145 mEq/L
Potassium
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Calcium
9.0-10.5 mg/dL
Solvent
a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
Solute
dissolved matter in a substance (solution) example: electrolytes
Ions
A particle, atom, or molecule with a net electrical charge
Filtration
A clinical example would be BP.
Diffusion
A clinical example is transport of most electrolytes and other particles through the cell membrane.
Fluid types
Isomotic-Isotonic (normotonic)-Hyperosmotic or Hypertonic-Hypo-osmotic or Hypotonic
Fluid balance is…
closely linked to/affected by electrolyte concentrations.
Amount and distribution of body fluids affected by:
age, gender, fat.
Fluid intake is regulated through…
thrist drive.
Fluid loss is through…
lungs, GI tract, skin, kidneys, intestinal tract.
Risk for insensible water loss (6)
mechanically ventilated, continuous GI suctioning, thyroid crisis, trauma, extreme stress, fever
Hormones…
Regulate fluid balance.
Aldosterone
secreted by adrenal cortex when sodium levels in the ECF are low
Antidiuretic hormone-vasopressin
released from the posterior pituitary gland in response to changes in blood osmolarity
Natriuretic peptides
Hormones secreted by special cells that line the atria of the heart and the heart’s ventricles
It is most important to keep what in balance?
blood volume and intracellular fluid
Kidneys do what?
Regulate water and sodium balance…maintain perfusion to all tissues/organs
