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Fluids and > Calcium > Flashcards

Calcium Flashcards

1
Q

Basic functions of calcium (6)

A

Maintains bone strength and density
Activates enzymes
Allows skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction
Controls nerve impulse transmission
Enhances blood clotting
Keeps the three “B’s” strong…bones, blood, and beats

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2
Q

Causes of Hypercalcemia

A

“HIGH CALS”

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3
Q

H PERC

A

Hyperparathyroidism

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4
Q

I PERC

A

Increased Intake of Calcium

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5
Q

G PERC

A

Glucocorticoids- suppress calcium absorption

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6
Q

H PERC

A

Hyperthyroidism

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7
Q

C PERC

A

Calcium Excretion Decreased with Thiazide Diuretics

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8
Q

A PERC

A

Adrenal Insufficiency

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9
Q

L PERC

A

Lithium-affects parathyroid and increases phosphate

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10
Q

S&S of Hypercalcemia (swollen and slow, moans, groans, and stones)

A

“the body is too WEAK”

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11
Q

W PER

A

Weakness of muscles

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12
Q

E PER (5)

A 
EKG changes (shortened QT interval) 
CARDIAC DYSRYTHMIAS 
MPAIRED PERFUSION 
DECREASED CO
 WORSE BLOOD CLOTTING
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13
Q

A PER

A

Absent reflexes, abdominal distention (constipation)

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14
Q

K PER

A

Kidney stone formation

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15
Q

Causes of Hypocalcemia

A

“LOW CALCIUM”

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16
Q

L POC

A

Low parathyroid hormone

17
Q

O POC

A

Oral Intake Inadequate

18
Q

W POC

A

Wound drainage

19
Q

C POC

A

Celiac’s Disease

20
Q

A POC

A

Acute pancreatitis

21
Q

L POC

A

Low Vitamin D

22
Q

C POC

A

Chronic Kidney Disease

23
Q

I POC

A

Increased Phosphorus Level

24
Q

U POC

A

Using Meds

25
Q

M POC

A

Mobility Issues

26
Q

S&S of Hypocalcemia

A

“CRAMPS”

27
Q

C PO

A

Confusion

28
Q

R PO

A

Reflexes hyperactive and Diarrhea

29
Q

A PO

A

Cardiac Dysrythmias (prolonged QT interval and ST interval), Hypotension and a weak, thready pulse

30
Q

M PO

A

Muscle spasms in calves/feet (“charley horses”)

31
Q

P PO

A

Positive Trosseau’s sign, Parathesias

32
Q

S PO

A

Sign of Chvostek’s sign

33
Q

Calcium requires…

A

active form of Vitamin D to absorb, and is stored in the bone matrix.

34
Q

Calcium is brought into the body by…

A

dietary intake and is absorbed through the intestinal tract.

35
Q

When it is needed what is released?

A

Parathyroid hormone.

36
Q

When it is too much what is released?

A

TCT, thyrocalcitonin.

37
Q

Hypocalcemic symptoms are mainly caused by…

A

overstimulation of the nerves and muscles.

38
Q

Interventions for Hypocalcemia…

A

REDUCE ENVIROMENTAL STIMULI. USE A LIFT (DRAW) SHEET AND NON-SLIP SOCKS.

39
Q

Hypercalcemia interventions include…

A

giving furosemide, and stopping Ringer’s lactate, rehydration, and cardiac monitoring.

Fluids and (7 decks)

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