The Back Flashcards

1
Q

What nerve and artery supplies the trapezius?

A

11th Cranial Nerve (spinal accessory nerve) and Transverse Cervical artery

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2
Q

What nerve and artery supplies the latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve and artery

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3
Q

What does the dorsal scapular nerve supply?

A

Levator scapulae, rhomboid minor and Rhomboid Major

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4
Q

What is the serratus anterior supplied by?

A

Lateral thoracic artery and long thoracic nerve

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5
Q

Injury of long thoracic nerve leads to…

A

winging of the scapula (medial border of scapula is no more in contact with the chest wall) …can happen in breast surgery

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6
Q

What composes the erector spinae?

A

Spinalis, Longissimus, iliocostalis

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7
Q

What does the serratus anterior do?

A

The whole muscle protracts the scapula forwards, so of value in all reaching and pushing movement, swimming, boxing. Boxer’s muscle

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8
Q

What nerve innervates the levator scapulae?

A

ventral rami of C3 and C4 and dorsal scapular nerve

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9
Q

What supplies the Rhomboid Major and minor?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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10
Q

What supplies the serratus posterior inferior and superior?

A

ventral rami of upper thoracic nerves

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11
Q

Extrinsic Muscles: Superficial group

A

upper limb movement.
Layer 1: trapezius and latissimus dorsi
Layer 2: Rhomboid Major and Minor, Levator scapulae

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12
Q

Intrinsic muscles: superficial layer

A

splenius muscles (capitis & cervicis)

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13
Q

Intrinsic muscles: deep layer

A

paravertebral muscles (semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores)

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14
Q

Latissimus dorsi and trapezius share in the …

A

triangle of auscultation

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15
Q

What physiological role does the latissimus dorsi play?

A

role in expiratory efforts as in coughing and sneezing

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16
Q

What is the insertion of the serratus anterior?

A

into the ventral aspect of the medial border of scapula

17
Q

What is the long thoracic nerve?

A

branch out of the roots of the brachial plexus (C5, 6, 7)

18
Q

What is the foramen transversarium?

A

Cervical vertebrae. Apertures that exist in transverse processes of cervical vertebrae only and transmit the vertebral vessels

19
Q

Describe Atlas (C1) (special features for the cervical vertebrae)

A

has no vertebral body or spinous process.
articulates with the head. As it lacks vertebral body, looks like a ring. composed of two lateral masses interconnected by an anterior arch and posterior arch.

20
Q

What do the lateral masses of the Atlas C1 articulate with above and below?

A

above with an occipital condyle of the skull (atlanto-occipital joint)
below with the superior articular process of axis (atlanto-axial joint)

21
Q

Describe Axis (C2)

A

odontoid process (Dens) which is the body of atlas. Has a strong bifid spinous process

22
Q

Describe C7 (vertebra prominens)

A

long, non-bifid spinous process

23
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint

A

“yes-yes joint” nodding…flexion and extension (Atlas C1)

24
Q

Describe dens.

A

acts as a pivot. allows head to rotate side to side at atlanto-axial joints (no no joints/rotation)

25
Q

What is the suboccipital nerve?

A

dorsal ramus of C1. innervates suboccipital muscles

26
Q

Describe origin and insertion for rectus capitis posterior major.

A

origin: spinous process of vertebra C2
insertion: lateral part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

27
Q

Describe origin and insertion for Rectus capitis posterior minor

A

Origin: posterior tubercle of posterior arch of vertebra C1 (atlas)
Insertion: Medial part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

28
Q

Describe origin and insertion for Obliquus capitis inferior

A

Origin: posterior tubercle of posterior arch of vertebra C2 (axis)
Insertion: transverse process of vertebra C1 (atlas)

29
Q

Describe origin and insertion for Obliquus capitis superior.

A

Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines

30
Q
Describe the boundaries of the suboccipital triangle:
Superomedial:
Superolateral:
Inferior:
Roof:
Floor:
A
Superomedial: rectus capitis posterior major
Superolateral: obliquus superior
Inferior: obliquus inferior
Roof: semispinalis capitis
Floor: posterior arch of Atlas
31
Q

Describe the 2 structures (artery and nerve) within the floor of the suboccipital triangle.

A

vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve

32
Q

Describe the components of the suboccipital triangle.

A

Rectus C.P. Minor, Rectus C.P. Major, Obliquus C. Inferior, Obliquus C. Superior

33
Q

Describe the 2 structures (artery and nerve) within the roof of the suboccipital triangle.

A

occipital artery and greater occipital nerve

34
Q

Describe the suboccipital nerve

A

dorsal ramus of C1

purely Motor

35
Q

Describe the greater occipital nerve

A

dorsal ramus of C2

purely sensory

36
Q

What does the suboccipital nerve supply?

A

Supplies the 4 suboccipital muscles and the semispinalis capitis

37
Q

What does the greater occipital nerve supply and where does it appear?

A

appears at the lower border of inferior oblique, pierces semispinalis capitis and trapezius to supply the scalp up to the vertex

38
Q

What is the vertebral artery?

A

a branch of the subclavian artery

39
Q

What is the occipital artery?

A

A branch of external carotid artery (ECA)