The Back Flashcards
What nerve and artery supplies the trapezius?
11th Cranial Nerve (spinal accessory nerve) and Transverse Cervical artery
What nerve and artery supplies the latissimus dorsi?
Thoracodorsal nerve and artery
What does the dorsal scapular nerve supply?
Levator scapulae, rhomboid minor and Rhomboid Major
What is the serratus anterior supplied by?
Lateral thoracic artery and long thoracic nerve
Injury of long thoracic nerve leads to…
winging of the scapula (medial border of scapula is no more in contact with the chest wall) …can happen in breast surgery
What composes the erector spinae?
Spinalis, Longissimus, iliocostalis
What does the serratus anterior do?
The whole muscle protracts the scapula forwards, so of value in all reaching and pushing movement, swimming, boxing. Boxer’s muscle
What nerve innervates the levator scapulae?
ventral rami of C3 and C4 and dorsal scapular nerve
What supplies the Rhomboid Major and minor?
Dorsal scapular nerve
What supplies the serratus posterior inferior and superior?
ventral rami of upper thoracic nerves
Extrinsic Muscles: Superficial group
upper limb movement.
Layer 1: trapezius and latissimus dorsi
Layer 2: Rhomboid Major and Minor, Levator scapulae
Intrinsic muscles: superficial layer
splenius muscles (capitis & cervicis)
Intrinsic muscles: deep layer
paravertebral muscles (semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores)
Latissimus dorsi and trapezius share in the …
triangle of auscultation
What physiological role does the latissimus dorsi play?
role in expiratory efforts as in coughing and sneezing
What is the insertion of the serratus anterior?
into the ventral aspect of the medial border of scapula
What is the long thoracic nerve?
branch out of the roots of the brachial plexus (C5, 6, 7)
What is the foramen transversarium?
Cervical vertebrae. Apertures that exist in transverse processes of cervical vertebrae only and transmit the vertebral vessels
Describe Atlas (C1) (special features for the cervical vertebrae)
has no vertebral body or spinous process.
articulates with the head. As it lacks vertebral body, looks like a ring. composed of two lateral masses interconnected by an anterior arch and posterior arch.
What do the lateral masses of the Atlas C1 articulate with above and below?
above with an occipital condyle of the skull (atlanto-occipital joint)
below with the superior articular process of axis (atlanto-axial joint)
Describe Axis (C2)
odontoid process (Dens) which is the body of atlas. Has a strong bifid spinous process
Describe C7 (vertebra prominens)
long, non-bifid spinous process
Atlanto-occipital joint
“yes-yes joint” nodding…flexion and extension (Atlas C1)
Describe dens.
acts as a pivot. allows head to rotate side to side at atlanto-axial joints (no no joints/rotation)
What is the suboccipital nerve?
dorsal ramus of C1. innervates suboccipital muscles
Describe origin and insertion for rectus capitis posterior major.
origin: spinous process of vertebra C2
insertion: lateral part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone
Describe origin and insertion for Rectus capitis posterior minor
Origin: posterior tubercle of posterior arch of vertebra C1 (atlas)
Insertion: Medial part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone
Describe origin and insertion for Obliquus capitis inferior
Origin: posterior tubercle of posterior arch of vertebra C2 (axis)
Insertion: transverse process of vertebra C1 (atlas)
Describe origin and insertion for Obliquus capitis superior.
Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines
Describe the boundaries of the suboccipital triangle: Superomedial: Superolateral: Inferior: Roof: Floor:
Superomedial: rectus capitis posterior major Superolateral: obliquus superior Inferior: obliquus inferior Roof: semispinalis capitis Floor: posterior arch of Atlas
Describe the 2 structures (artery and nerve) within the floor of the suboccipital triangle.
vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve
Describe the components of the suboccipital triangle.
Rectus C.P. Minor, Rectus C.P. Major, Obliquus C. Inferior, Obliquus C. Superior
Describe the 2 structures (artery and nerve) within the roof of the suboccipital triangle.
occipital artery and greater occipital nerve
Describe the suboccipital nerve
dorsal ramus of C1
purely Motor
Describe the greater occipital nerve
dorsal ramus of C2
purely sensory
What does the suboccipital nerve supply?
Supplies the 4 suboccipital muscles and the semispinalis capitis
What does the greater occipital nerve supply and where does it appear?
appears at the lower border of inferior oblique, pierces semispinalis capitis and trapezius to supply the scalp up to the vertex
What is the vertebral artery?
a branch of the subclavian artery
What is the occipital artery?
A branch of external carotid artery (ECA)
