Shoulder/pectoral

Question 1

What three muscles are the coracoid process of the scapula attached to?

Answer 1

coracobrachialis, short head of biceps, pectoralis minor

Question 2

Which dermatome is the clavicle, nipples and level of umbilicus?

Answer 2

C5-level of clavicle
T4-nipples
T10-level of umbilicus

Question 3

What happens if the AC joint (acromial and clavicle) is torn?

Answer 3

shoulder loose

Question 4

What muscle is a good landmark for axillary structures?

Answer 4

pectoralis minor

Question 5

Which sawtoothed muscle helps stabilize the scapula?

Answer 5

serratus anterior

Question 6

Which muscle allows you to:
abduct humerus first 10-15 degrees
abduct arm up to 100 degrees
abduct arm 100 to 180 degrees

Answer 6

10-15- supraspinatus
up to 100- deltoid
100-180- trapezius

Question 7

What two muscles does the axillary nerve innervate?

Answer 7

teres minor and deltoid

Question 8

What are the rotator cuff muscles? What do they do?

Which is most frequently torn?

Answer 8

SITS
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
They fix the head of humerus in the glenoid cavity during abduction and flexion of the arm
supraspinatus is most frequently torn

Question 9

What are the functions of the muscles of the posterior shoulder? 
teres major:
latissimus dorsi:
levator scapulae:
rhomboids:

Answer 9

teres major (strength) -adducts and medially rotates arm
latissimus dorsi- extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus at shoulder (positional)
levator scapula- elevates scapulla medially, inferiorly rotates glenoid cavity
rhombois- fix scapula to thoracic wall; retract and rotate scapula to depress glenoid cavity (drop shoulder)

Question 10

Borders and what’s in the space: suprascapular notch

Answer 10

suprascapular artery and nerve; Army over Navy under (ligament)

Question 11

Borders and what’s in the space: quadrangular space

Answer 11

teres minor (superiorly) teres major (inferiorly) long head of triceps (medially) and humerus

axillary nerve and posterior cirumflex humeral artery

Question 12

Borders and what’s in the space: triangular space

Answer 12

teres minor (S), teres major (I) and long head of triceps (L)

circumflex scapular artery

Question 13

Borders and what’s in the space: triangular interval

Answer 13

teres major (S) long head of triceps (M) and lateral head of triceps (L)

profunda brachii artery and radial nerve

Question 14

What is the axilla (space of armpit) and what purpose does it serve?

Answer 14

it is a pyramid shaped space inferior to the glenohumeral joint and superior to the axillary fascia.

Serves as a protected passageway for the neurovascular structures (axillary a, brachial plexus, axillary vein from neck to upper arm

Question 15

What are the boundaries of the axilla?
apex
base
anteior wall
posterior wall
medial wall
lateral wall

Answer 15

apex: bounded by 1st rib, clavicle, and superior edge of the scapula
base: formed by the concave skin, subcutaneous tissue, and axillary fascia (armpit)
anterior wall: formed by pectoralis major and minor muscles along with the pectoral and clavipectoral fascia
posterior wall: formed primarily by the scapula and the subscapularis muscle
medial wall: formed by the thoracic wall, 1st-4th ribs (serratus anterior covers the ribs)
lateral wall: formed by the itnertubercular groove of the humerus

Question 16

Describe the branches of the axillary artery.

Answer 16

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Superior thoracic artery (1st part)
thoracoacromial trunk and lateral thoracic arteries (2nd part)
Subscapular (circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal), Anterior and Posterior circumflex humeral arteries

Question 17

Where does the majority of breast cancer originate?

Answer 17

the superior lateral quadrant

Question 18

What is the brachial plexus?

Answer 18

a spaghetti like network of nerves that lives in the armpit (axilla) and controls movement and sensation in the upper extremity (arm and hand)