Anterior Triangles of Neck

Question 1

Where do I usually find the external jugular vein?

Answer 1

usually lies over sternocleidomastoid

Question 2

What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?
Anterior:
Posterior:
Superior:
Apex:
Roof:
Floor:

Answer 2

Anterior: anterior median line
Posterior: sternocleidomastoid muscle
Superior: inferior border of mandible
Apex: jugular notch
Roof: subcutaneous fascia and platysma
Floor: pharynx, larynx, and thyroid gland covered by pretracheal fascia

Question 3

What are the other triangles formed by anterior and posterior bellies of digastric muscle along with superior belly of omohyoid?

Answer 3

submandibular triangle
submental triangle
carotid triangle
muscular triangle

Question 4

What nerve innervates the suprahyoid muscles:
mylohyoid
digastric
geniohyoid
stylohyoid

Answer 4

mylohyoid- nerve to mylohyoid (V3 - also innervates anterior belly of digastric)
digastric- posterior belly -facial nerve (CN VII) anterior belly -CN V3
geniohyoid- C1 (runs with hypoglossal n -CN XII)
stylohyoid- CN VII (facial nerve)

Question 5

What nerve innervates the infrahyoid muscles:
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid
omohyoid

Answer 5

sternohyoid- ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
sternothyroid- ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
thyrohyoid- nerve to thyrohyoid (C1 traveling traveling with hypoglossal n (CN XII))
omohyoid- ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

Question 6

Which bone is often crushed if someone is strangled? Why?

Answer 6

hyoid, only articulated to other bones by muscles and ligaments

Question 7

What are the functions of hyoid?

Answer 7

major: vocalization and swallowing

also tongue movement

Question 8

Where are the facial vein and artery subject to submandibular gland?

Answer 8

vein passes superficial to submandibular gland

artery passes deep/through submandibular gland

Question 9

What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?

Answer 9

submandibular gland
submandibular lymph nodes
mylohyoid nerve (V3)
facial artery and vein with submental branch
submandibular duct
lingual nerve (V3) and submanibular ganglion
hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Question 10

Which muscle lifts the tongue/pushes it to roof of mouth?

Answer 10

mylohyoid

Question 11

What are the three large branches of the aortic arch in the carotid triangle?

Answer 11

brachiocephalic trunk (innominate artery) which divides into the right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery

Question 12

What does the common carotid artery divide into? What do they supply?

Answer 12

divides into the internal and external carotid aa. Each internal carotid a. ascends the neck (with no major branches) to enter the cranial cavity via the carotid foramen (canal). The internal carotid a. supplies the orbit, pituitary gland, and a large part of each cerebral hemisphere.

The external carotid a. is responsible for supplying the neck and face (superficial and deep).

Question 13

What does the carotid triangle contain?

Answer 13

the superior portion of the common carotid a., a large part of the internal carotid a., and the external carotid a. and many of its branches.
portions of CNX, XI, XII, and cervical plexus (ansa cervicalis)

Question 14

Branches of the external carotid artery

Answer 14

SALFOP SuperT Max
Superior Thyroid artery
Ascending Pharyngeal artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery

Superficial Temporal artery
Maxillary artery

Question 15

What are the main nerves of the carotid triangle?

Answer 15

Vagus nerve (CN X)
Spinal accessory N (CN XI)
Hypoglossal (CN XII)
Cervical Sympathetic trunk (chain)

Question 16

Where does the vagus nerve (CN X) run?

Answer 16

runs between the internal carotid and internal jugular vein within the carotid sheath
(not to be confused with phrenic nerve on top of anterior scalene)

Question 17

Describe the recurrent laryngeal nerve of the vagus nerve?

Answer 17

On the right, this nerve loops around the subclavian a. (from anterior to posterior), runs in the groove between the trachea and the esophagus (tracheoesophageal groove), and provides motor innervation to all of the muscles of vocalization with the exception of the cricothyroid m.

The left recurrent laryngeal n. wraps around the arch of the aorta (from anterior to posterior), just lateral to the ligamentum arteriosum.

Question 18

What main branches does the vagus nerve (CN X) give off in the neck? (though it gives off more than these two)

Answer 18

superior laryngeal nerve! (internal and external)

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 19

What is the only structure going into skull?

Answer 19

arteries

nerves and veins going out

Question 20

What can result if the sympathetic chain in the neck is interrupted?

Answer 20

Horner’s syndrome

Question 21

What is the membranous covering of the lung called? What is it referred to as in the cervical area?
Where is it in the body?

Answer 21

the pleura
pleura in cervical pleura is called cupula

lung and pleura enter the root of the neck and extend approximately one inch above the medial third of the clavicle.
(roof of lung sticking out! …significant for getting shot/stabbed…

Question 22

Why are parathyroid glands important?

Answer 22

CA! most important ion in the body