Pharynx

Question 1

What is the pharynx? Where is it located?

What are the parts?

Answer 1

continuation of the digestive system from the oral cavity

funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that is the common route for both food and air

located posterior to the nasal and oral cavities, and the larynx

4 parts- nasal, oral, laryngeal, esophagus

Question 2

What is the Adam’s apple?

Answer 2

tip of thyroid cartilage

Question 3

What are the three constrictors and what do they do?

Answer 3

superior, middle, inferior

they overlap each other like shingles, preventing food from passing between the muscles.

Question 4

Which structure in the pharynx/larynx is a ring?

Answer 4

The cricoid is the only complete ring of cartilage in the trachea and pharynx.

Question 5

What is the pterygomandibular raphe?

Answer 5

the fibrous line of junction between the buccinator and superior constrictor muscles

Question 6

What are the pharyngeal muscles and their nerve innervation?
superior constrictor -  
middle constrictor- 
inferior constrictor-  
buccinator- 
tensor veli palatini- 
levator veli palatini- 
stylopharyngeus- 
mylohyoid-

Answer 6

superior constrictor - 10
middle constrictor- 10
inferior constrictor- 10
buccinator- buccal branch of facial nerve (VII)
tensor veli palatini- Nerve to medial pterygoid (main trunk of mandibular nerve (V3)
levator veli palatini- Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve
stylopharyngeus- IX
mylohyoid- n to mylohyoid (V3)

Question 7

Describe the bone framework of pharynx

Answer 7

hamulus of medial pterygoid plate

hyoid

Question 8

Describe the cartilage framework of pharynx.

Answer 8

stylohyoid ligament, thyrohyoid membrane, cricothyroid membrane,

Question 9

OINF stylopharyngeus

Answer 9

Supplied by 9,
originates from medial aspect of styloid process—
inserts on thyroid cartilage—
elevates larynx and pharynx assists in swallowing

Question 10

OINF hyoglossus

Answer 10

O- superior border of greater cornu of hyoid bone
I-lateral side of tongue
N- XII
F- depresses tongue

Question 11

What role does internal jugular vein play?

Answer 11

Sigmoid sinus becomes the jugular vein which drains the brain or you become insane.

Question 12

Describe the Vagus nerve. Where is it? What does it do?

Answer 12

contributes to the pharyngeal plexus (constrictors), innervates levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, m. uvulae, all laryngeal muscles,(except cricothyroid) , and is sensory to a little ear pinna. It supplies a few taste buds in the back of throat and innervates a portion of the medial eardrum. It contains parasympathetics that slow the heart and speed up digestion.

it is behind the carotid a, next to internal jugular v., along with sympathetic ganglion

Question 13

Describe the superior laryngeal nerve.

Answer 13

SLN splits into internal and external laryngeal nerves—-internal –no muscles, sensory above cords, external –no sensory, motor to cricothyroid—hard to find this nerve

Question 14

Describe recurrent laryngeal. Where does it go on left/right side?

What is it motor to?
What is it sensory to?
What is the exception?

Answer 14

left side- around aorta
right side- subclavian artery

The recurrent laryngeal nerve is motor to all muscles of larynx save cricothyroid,. It is sensory in the larynx below the vocal cords. The external laryngeal N. is motor to cricothyroid . The internal laryngeal nerve is sensory above the cords..

Question 15

Describe cricothyroid action and nerve innervation.

Answer 15

ACTION
-Lengthens and tenses vocal cords by tilting thyroid cartilage forwards
NERVE
- External branch of superior laryngeal branch of vagus nerve (X)

Question 16

GLOAP

Answer 16

Glossopharyngeal—lesser petrosal—otic ganglion—auriculotemporal nerve of V—parotid gland

Question 17

Which nerves go through the jugular foramen?

Answer 17

9, 10, 11

Question 18

Salforms. What is it for?

Answer 18

Arteries of oral and pharyngeal regions.

S----superior thyroid
A----ascending pharyngeal
L-----lingual
F-----facial
O-----occipital
R-----posterior auricular—say it like a pirate---auRRRicular—Why do pirates have trouble reciting the alphabet?—because they get lost at sea.
M-----maxillary
S-----superficial temporal

Question 19

What are the layers posterior to the pharynx?

Answer 19

buccopharyngeal fascia, retropharyngeal space, then prevertebral fascia in front of vertebrae

Question 20

Describe the hypoglossal nerve.

Answer 20

XII goes through the hypoglossal canal and is MOTOR to all muscles ending in glossus except palatoglossus (X), XII has no sensory component.

PURE GSE. motor.

crosses the carotid artery before diving into the floor of the mouth

Question 21

Where is the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 21

The glossopharyngeal nerve crosses around the internal carotid artery and the stylopharyngeus muscle

Question 22

What innervates the carotid body?

Answer 22

The carotid body is innervated by the carotid branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve