the axillary and arm

Question 1

what is the axilla bounded by

Answer 1

The axilla (armpit) is bounded by the anterior and posterior axillary folds (pectoralis and latissimus dorsi muscles form the folds), the humerus and the rib cage

Question 2

what is within the axilla

Answer 2

axillary vessels
brachial plexus
lymph nodes

Question 3

where does the arm end

Answer 3

The arm ends at the elbow and cubital fossa

Question 4

what does the elbow joint allow

Answer 4

The elbow is probably the most important joint in the upper limb, as it allows the hand to move to the mouth

Question 5

what is the main joint in the elbow

Answer 5

The main joint is the one between the humerus and the ulna, a hinge joint that allows flexion and extension

Question 6

what is the second joint in the elbow

Answer 6

The second joint is between the humerus and the radius

Question 7

what is the third joint int the elbow

Answer 7

The third joint is between the radius and ulna (radioulnar) which allows supination and pronation of the forearm, carrying the hand with it.

Question 8

what happens between the head of the radius and ulnar in pronation and supination movements

Answer 8

During these movements, the head of the radius rotates around the ulna.

Question 9

what blood vessels are in the axilla

Answer 9

axillary artery and veins

Question 10

what is the axillary artery surround by

Answer 10

The axillary artery is surrounded by the three cords of the brachial plexus (lateral, medial and posterior

Question 11

what provides the main blood supply to the arm

Answer 11

The brachial artery provides the main blood supply to the arm

Question 12

where do the cephalic and basilic veins terminate

Answer 12

axillary vein

Question 13

where do the deep brachia veins terminate

Answer 13

merge with the basilic vein and then into the axillary vein.

Question 14

describe the biceps muscle

Answer 14

• flexor of the shoulder
• because it inserts onto the bicipital tuberosity of the radius, it acts as a flexor of the elbow as well
• It is also able to supinate the forearm

Question 15

what is the single exetensor muscle of the elbow

Answer 15

triceps

Question 16

what happens in pronation and supination

Answer 16

the ulna remains stationary while the radius moves in an arc over the ulna.

Question 17

what muscles are involved in pronation

Answer 17

pronator teres and pronator quadratus

Question 18

what muscles are involved in supination

Answer 18

biceps and supinator

Question 19

what carpals do the radius articulate with

Answer 19

scaphoid and lunate

Question 20

where can the pulses for the radial and ulnar be felt

Answer 20

The pulses for both the radial and ulnar arteries can be felt at the wrist.

Question 21

what are the flexor muscles of the forearm supplied by which nerve (wrist and fingers)

Answer 21

median and ulnar nerve

Question 22

what are the extensor muscles fo the forearm (wrist and fingers) supplied by which nerve

Answer 22

radial nerve

Question 23

where do the tendons pass through into the fingers

Answer 23

Those muscle tendons that will flex the fingers pass into the hand through the carpal tunnel, under the flexor retinaculum, the median nerve also through the carpal tunnel passing under the flexor
retinaculum.

Question 24

describe the pathway of the ulnar nerve

Answer 24

The ulnar nerve passes down the ulnar side (medial side) of the forearm
- it runs deep to flexor digitorum superifics muscles

Question 25

describe the pathway of the radial nerve

Answer 25

The radial nerve passes along the radial (lateral) side of the forearm.

Question 26

describe the pathway of the median nerve

Answer 26

he median nerve is more or less in the midline and is less vulnerable to slash wounds in the forearm
Although the median nerve becomes more superficial at the wrist and may be damaged by cuts to the wrist whereas the ulnar is protected by the carpal bones

Question 27

what do the superficial muscles act on

Answer 27

wrist joint

Question 28

what do the intermediate and deep muscles act on

Answer 28

The intermediate and deep muscles pass through the carpal tunnel and insert onto the digits flexing the finger

Question 29

what are the superficial flexors

Answer 29

flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus and flexor carpi radialis

Question 30

what are the intermediate flexors

Answer 30

flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 31

what are the deep flexors

Answer 31

flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus and pronator quadratus

Question 32

what extensors act on the thumb

Answer 32

extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, and abductor pollicis longus

Question 33

what extensors act on the fingers

Answer 33

Extensor digitorum, extensor indicis, extensor digiti minimi

Question 34

what extensors act on the wrist

Answer 34

Extensor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi radialis