The atom

Question 1

What is the atom?

Answer 1

The smallest part of an element.

Question 2

What can atoms be subdivided into?

Answer 2

Protons, Neutrons and Electrons.

Question 3

Where can you find specific subatomic particles in an atom?

Answer 3

The Protons and the Neutrons are in the middle, Nucleus, together. The electrons orbit the nucleus.

Question 4

What increases as we move from left to right on the periodic table?

Answer 4

Protons and Electrons.

Question 5

Democritus and Leucippus: ?
John Dalton: ?
JJ Thomson: ?
Ernest Rutherford: ?
Neils Bohr: ?
Erwin Schrodinger: ?

Answer 5

Democritus and Leucippus; The atom.

John Dalton; Found that atoms combine in constant definite ratios and that chemical reactions occur when atoms separate, join and rearrange.

JJ Thomson; Discovered electron.

Ernest Rutherford; Discovered the nucleus.

Neils Bohr; Electrons travel in fixed orbits.

Erwin Schrodinger; Electrons are located in regions of space based on wave-action duality.

Question 6

Term for this definition:

Average mass of all naturally occurring isotopes of that element.

Answer 6

Relative atomic mass.

Question 7

What is mass determined by?

Answer 7

Protons and Neutrons.

Question 8

What is the volume of the atom determined by?

Answer 8

Space occupied by the electrons.

Question 9

Electron:

Very tiny, carries a mass of … and one unit of negative charge …

Answer 9

Mass of 9,11x10^-31kg

Unit of negative charge -1.6x10^19C

Question 10

Proton:

Carries one unit of positive charge … has a mass of …

Answer 10

Mass of 1.6726x10^-27kg

Unit of positive charge 1.6x10^-19C

Question 11

Neutron:

Carries a unit of charge … has a mass of …

Answer 11

False, it doesn’t carry any charge.

Mass of 1.6749x10^-27

Question 12

How do we know the number of protons and electrons in an element?
How do we know how many protons plus neutrons in the nucleus?

Answer 12

To find out protons and electrons look at the atomic number, top.
To find out the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus look at the atomic mass, bottom.

Question 13

What are Isotopes?

Answer 13

Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers, the atomic number stays the same. (Same # of protons and electrons)

Question 14

How do we calculate RAM? 
Chlorine 35 (75 percent)
Chlorine 37 (25 percent)

Answer 14

Relative atomic mass.
RAM = ([35x75]+[37x25])/100
RAM = 35.5 amu

Question 15

Electrons have the same amount of:
Charge
Mass
Energy

Answer 15

Charge: T
Mass: T
Energy: False! They are arranged in energy levels around the nucleus.

Question 16

Electrons in the first energy level around the nucleus have the … energy.

Answer 16

lowest

Question 17

How many electrons are found in:
Energy level 1:
Energy level 2 and 3:
Energy level 4 to 7:

Answer 17

Level 1: 2 electrons
Level 2 and 3: 8 electrons
Level 4 to 7: 18 electrons

Question 18

What orbitals are found in each energy level and how many possible electrons could be in it?

Answer 18

First energy level: S orbital, possibility of 2 electrons.
Second energy level: S orbital, possibility of 8 electrons.
Third energy level: P orbital, (3 p orbitals) a possibility of 2 in each, 6 electrons in total.
Fourth energy level: S orbital, possibility of 2 electrons, and P orbitals, possibility of 6 electrons.

Question 19

In Aufbau diagrams:
What is Hunds Rule: ?
What is Pauli’s exclusion Rule: ?

Answer 19

Hunds: Fill up from the bottom.

Pauli’s: When you get to P orbitals, first put one in each box before you fill one.

Question 20

What is the difference between a Core electron and a Valence electron?

Answer 20

Core: Electrons closest to the nucleus.
Valence: All the electrons in the outermost energy level responsible for bonding.