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Emma's Physics notes 10 > Longitudinal Waves, Sound and Electromagnetic radiation. > Flashcards

Longitudinal Waves, Sound and Electromagnetic radiation. Flashcards

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1
Q

In a longitudinal wave the disturbance is …….. to the direction (…………) of the wave.

Give a synonym for direction (above)

A

Parallel

Propagation

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2
Q

Definition of a Longitudinal wave

A

A longitudinal wave consists of a series of consecutive compressions and rarefactions that move in the direction of propagation.

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3
Q

The particles of the medium move ……… and ………. /The direction of the disturbance moves …………. and ……………
We call these movements …………….. and ……………….

A

to and fro

Compressions and rarefactions

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4
Q

Compression: The part of the wave where the particles ………………
Rarefactions: The part of the wave where the particles ………………

A

Compressions: Particles move together (Squished)
Rarefactions: Particles move apart (Stretch)

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5
Q

Is the period, frequency and speed the same as a Transverse wave?

A

Yes

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6
Q

What kind of wave is a sound wave?

A

Longitudinal / Pressure wave

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7
Q

What affects the loudness of a sound wave?

A

Amplitude: Higher Amplitude, Louder sound

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8
Q

What is the only area with no sound?

A

Vacuum

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9
Q

What pressure does a compression have?

What pressure does a rarefaction have?

A

Compression: High pressure
Rarefactions: Low pressures

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10
Q

Definition of Oscillation

A

The vibration of the particles in a medium

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11
Q

Sound can only travel in one direction

True/False

A

False, it can reflect off hard surfaces

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12
Q

What is an echo?

A

When we hear a reflected sound wave as a separate sound.

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13
Q

What are the three things that affect the speed of sound?

A

Temperature: Faster in hot substances, slower in cold substances.
Pressure of the medium
Density: Faster in solids, slower in gasses.

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14
Q

What indicates the pitch in a sound wave?

A

The frequency: The higher the frequency the higher the pitch

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15
Q

What is the tone in a sound wave?

A

Measure of the quality of the sound.

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16
Q

Sonar stands for?

A

Sound Navigation and Ranging

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17
Q

To what range can humans hear frequencies?

A

Between 20 to 20 000 Hertz!

It decreases as you get older

18
Q

Waves with a frequency lower than 20 Hz is called …………
Waves with a frequency higher than 20 000 Hz is called ……………

A

Lower: Infrasound
Higher: Ultrasound

19
Q

Some uses of Ultrasound…

A 
Detecting objects
Measuring distances
Imaging in medicine 
Industrial cleaning and mixing 
Accelerating chemical processes
20
Q

In 1873 the Scottish physicist …………….. developed a unified theory of electromagnetics.
What does this theory deal with?

A

James Clerk Maxwell

This deals with how electrically charged particles interact with each other and magnetic fields.

21
Q

What are the four main electromagnetic interactions?

A

1: Attractive and Repulsive forces between electric charges.
2: Magnetic poles (come in pairs that attract and repel each other like electric charges do)
3: An electric current in a wire produces a magnetic field.
4: A moving electric field produces a magnetic field. And vice versa.

22
Q

What is known as wave particle duality?

A

The fact that we can use the wave nature or the particle nature of radiation (light) to explain the properties of electromagnetic radiation.

23
Q

When is electromagnetic radiation created?

A

When an atomic particle is accelerated by an electric field, causing it to move.

24
Q

What does the movement of the particles in electromagnetic radiation produce?

A

The movement produces oscillating electric and magnetic fields. They travel at right angles to each other in a bundle of light energy. (Called a photon)

25
Q

What two letters of the alphabet could speed be?

A

v and c

26
Q

What is the speed of light in a vacuum?

A

3 x 10^8 m.s^-1

3 times 10 to the power of 8, metres per second

27
Q

What do dolphins and bats use to navigate?

A

Echolocation

28
Q

What are the two things Radiation (Light) can mean?

A

Particles or Waves

29
Q

Does radiation need a medium to travel like sound?

A

No. Light travels in space.

30
Q

Electromagnetic Radiation uses vibrating …………. instead of vibrating ……………

A

Uses vibrating fields instead of a vibrating medium.

31
Q

In electromagnetic Radiation:
The wave moves along?
Magnetic field vibrates in ……… plane.
Electric field vibrates in ………. plane.

A

The wave moves along the x-axis.
The magnetic field vibrates in the x-z plane.
The electric field vibrates in the x-y plane.

32
Q

When are electromagnetic waves formed?

A

When an electric field couples with a magnetic field. The magnetic and electric fields are perpendicular to each other and the direction of the wave.

33
Q

Does an electromagnetic wave travel slower/faster through a medium compared to a vacuum?

A

Slower in a medium. Faster in a vacuum.

34
Q

If a wave has a high frequency what does that tell us about the wavelength?

A

High frequency, short wavelength.

A low frequency, tall wavelength.

35
Q

List the electromagnetic spectrum in order of decreasing frequency.

A

Gamma ray (Highest frequency, shortest wavelength )
X-ray
Ultraviolet
Visible light
Infrared
Microwave
Radio (Lowest frequency, highest wavelength)

36
Q

What are the colours (7) that make up the visible spectrum.

Their frequencies and wavelengths.

A

Red (Longest wavelength, lowest frequency + energy)
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet (Shortest wavelength, Highest frequency + energy)

37
Q

What are the primary uses for Radio waves, microwaves and Ultraviolet?

A

Radio waves: Communications
Microwaves: Radar, heating food, industrial applicants
Ultraviolet: Can damage living tissue, numerous medical and industrial applicants.

38
Q

Definition of a photon.

A

A packet of light energy.
or The smallest discrete amount of electromagnetic radiation.
(either one! :-1 )

39
Q

Energy of a photon is related to the …………… of electromagnetic radiation according to h.

A

Wavelength.

According to Plank’s constant

40
Q

6,63 x 10^-34 is …………… constant named after?

The two equations are…

A

Max Plank.
E=hf or E=hxc/landa
h is Plank’s constant, c is the speed of light

41
Q

How do you figure out gradient of a straight line for a distance vs time graph?

A

m = At / Ax

gradient is equal to delta time divided by delta position.

42
Q

How do you figure out speed from the gradient of a straight line?

A

v = 1/m

speed is equal to one divided by gradient.

Emma's Physics notes 10 (15 decks)

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