Classification of matter Flashcards
Definition of matter?
Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
Draw the diagram of matter:
Matter Mixtures or Pure substances. (M) Homogeneous and Heterogeneous. (PS) Elements or Compounds (E) Metals and non-metals (M) Magnetic and non-magnetic
Mixtures can be … separated.
Pure substances can be … separated.
Mixtures can be physically separated.
Pure substances can be chemically separated.
Definition of a substance?
Form of matter that has a constant composition and distinct properties.
T/F: (In a mixture)
- At least two different substances where each one keeps it’s individual properties.
- The component substances can be physically separated.
- Substances are not chemically bonded to one another.
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
You can classify a mixture as either … or …
Homogenous
Heterogeneous
In a homogeneous mixture: ... composition. Also known as ... Largest substance present ... Smallest substance present ... You ... see individual substances. Another name for homogenous?
Constant/Uniform Solutions Largest: Solvent Smallest: Solute Cannot Miscible
In a heterogenous mixture:
... composition.
Substances ... dissolve in another.
e.g. ... a solid in a liquid.
Another name for heterogenous?
- What happens when you shake it?Non-uniform do not Suspension Immiscible Emulsion
What are four methods of separating mixtures? (Physical processes)
Heating - salt form brine
Magnets - iron fillings from sand
Separating funnel - two immiscible liquids
Fractional distillation - oxygen and nitrogen
Pure substances: Consists of …
Can be broken down (classified ) into … and …
Only one type of substance
Element or Compound
Element: T/F
Simplest pure substance.
Cannot be broken down more through chemical means.
The atom is the smallest particle that retains the properties of an element.
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
Compound: T/F
Can be separated into Organic and Inorganic.
Made up of two or more elements bonded together chemically.
Have a fixed chemical composition because they are bonded in a constant ratio.
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
What is the composition of:
An element vs a compound vs a mixture
Element: One type of atom
Compound: Constant composition
Mixture: Varying composition, two or more elements or compounds
Properties of:
An element vs a compound vs a mixture
Element: Unique to each element
Compound: Differ from constituent elements.
Mixture: Same properties as the constituent elements.
Separation of:
An element vs a compound vs a mixture
Element: Not possible
Compound: Chemically
Mixture: Physically
Diagram of:
An element vs a compound vs a mixture
Element: o o o
Compound: o/o o/o o/o
Mixture: o / o / / o / o
Names of Heterogeneous mixtures: liquid-liquid solid-liquid gas-liquid gas-solid
emulsion
suspension
aerosol
smoke
When do we use prefixes to name compounds?
When it's two nonmetals: 1 - Mono 2 - Di 3 - Tri 4 - Tetra 5 - Penta
What happens when a metal bonds with a nonmetal to form a compound.
It forms an ionic bond.
Metal gives electrons, becomes positive (cation)
Non-metal takes electrons, becomes negative (anion)
Properties of Metals: Thermal conductors: ? Electrical conductors: ? Malleable and ductile: ? High melting point and high density. Has magnetic properties.
Learn BTW!
Thermal conductors: Allows heat to pass through.
Electrical conductors: Allows electricity to pass through.
Malleable and ductile: Can easily bend and stretch.
What are the properties of Non-metals: (3)
Bad thermal conductors.
Good electrical insulators.
Not malleable and ductile.
What are the properties of Semi-metals:
Semi-conductivity: When conductivity increases as temperature increase.
