The articulary system I Flashcards
Muscles of the face function
1. Maxilla
Forms the upper jaw and most of the hard palate
Alveolar process-houses the upper teeth
Palatine process
Muscles of the face function
2.Mandible
Lower jaw
Large horseshoe-shaped structure
Alveolar process-houses the lower teeth
Ramus:-Coronoid process
-Condylar processMuscles of the face function
Mandible+ temporal bones
Mandible (lower jaw) is connected to the left and right side of the skull
Mandible + temporal bones
3 ligaments
Temporomandibular ligament
Sphenomandibular ligament
Stylomandibular ligament
Ligament limits downward and forward displacement of the mandible
Vocal Track Cavities
Structures related to the articulatory system
Nasopharynx :Velum and nasal cavity
Oropharynx : from larynx to the lips (oral vestibule, oral cavity, anterior faucial pillar, pharyngeal cavity).
Laryngopharynx : from epiglottis to vocal folds
Oral Cavity
- Dentition: type of teeth
Teeth are housed in the alveolar process of the maxilla and mandible. 4 types Incisors (central and lateral) Cuspids (canines) Bicuspids (premolars) Molars
Oral Cavity-
Deciduous teeth
Deciduous teeth DT– falling out in childhood and replaced by permanent teeth
Periodontal ligament – in the socket of the teeth
*Senses the pressure of permanent teeth
*Promotes resorption of the root of DT
*DT fall out easily because root is not the anchor anymore
Oral Cavity- Dental Occlusion (fitting together of teeth) 3 classes of malocclusion
- Any misalignment of teeth without misalignment of the maxilla and mandible
- “Overbite” – Bart Simpson
Maxilla is larger than mandible stimulate growth of mandible during early stages - “Underbite – Jay Leno
Mandible is larger than maxilla
Oral Cavity
Dental Occlusion
Permanent open bite: Thumb sucking,
Tongue thrust, Low facial muscle tone
Orofacial Myofunctional therapy can help with open bite
Muscles of the lips
Orbicularis Oris
- Ring muscle within the lips
- Intrinsic and extrinsic fibers that intertwine
- Most mobile part of the face
Muscles of the lips
Orbicularis oris contraction
Can result in several positional changes of the lips:
- Lips toward one another and forward
- Force lips against teeth
- Corners of the lips can move *upward/downward/toward a side/toward the midline
Muscles of the lips
Buccinator
Forms part of the cheek
Pulls the corner of the mouth backward and towards the side
Forces the lips and cheeks against adjacent teeth
Muscles of the lips
Risorius
Closer to the surface than the buccinator
Draws the corners of the mouth backward and toward the side (smile)
Forces the lips and cheeks against adjacent teeth
Muscles of the lips
Mentalis
Lies on the front of the chin Upward movement of the soft tissue of the chin Forces the lower lip upward and curl out the “pouting muscle”
Muscles of the lips
Platysma
Very broad muscle that covers most of the front and side of the neck and muscle of the side of the face
Draws the skin of the neck toward the mandible
Pulls the lower lip and corner of the mouth to the side and downward frowning muscle”
Muscles of the lips
Levators Iabi superioris
Levator labii superioris
Elevates of the upper lip
Muscles of the lips
Levators labii superioris aleque nasi
Levator labii superioris aleque nasi
Elevates the upper lip
Dilates the anterior nares
translated from Latin, the “lifter of the upper lip and of the wing of the nose”.
It has the longest name of any muscle in an animal.
Muscles of the lips
Levators angularis oris
Levator angularis oris
Draws the corner of the mouth upward and toward the side (smile)
Muscles of lips
Depressors labii inferioris
Depressor labii inferioris
Pulls the lower lip downward and toward the side
Turn lower lip outward
Muscles of the lips
Depressors anguli oris
Depressor anguli oris
Pulls the corner of the mouth downward
Forces lips together by drawing the upper lip downward against the lower lip
Muscles of the lips
Zygomatic major
Zygomatic major
Pulls backward on the corner of the mouth
Lifts the corner of the mouth upward and toward the side
Muscles of the lips
Zygomatic minor
Zygomatic minor
Elevates the upper lips
Pulls the corner of the mouth upward
Muscles of the lips
Movement
- Upper lip and lower lip can be moved independently or in coordination
- Upper lip can compensate for lower lip when lower lip restricted from moving
- Articulatory system is very flexible and can instantly adapt to new situations
Oral Cavity: Parts
Hard palate Velum (soft palate) Uvula Palatine tonsils Anterior faucial pillars Palatoglossus Posterior faucial pillars Palatopharyngeus
Oral cavity
The tongue location
Occupies the floor of the mouth
Is divided by a median fibrous septum that provides the origination for the transverse intrinsic muscle of the tongue
Oral cavity
The tongue parts
Divided into 4parts
*Apex (tip)
*Dorsum (anterior part of dorsum referred to as the tongue blade)
*Base
*Root
Note: Tongue root and base can refer to different parts of the tongue depending on the scientist.
Oral cavity
Tongue tie
Rich vascular supply on the undersurface of the tongue (Medication is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream)
Lingual frenulum/frenum
– band of tissue
Lateral to the frenum are the ducts of the submandibular salivary glands
Oral cavity
tongue tie condition
Ankyloglossia – sublingual frenulum is shortened, tight or restrictive, resulting in reduced mobility of the tongue.
Oral cavity
Tongue tie consequences
Consequences
Infant: Interference with ability to suck, tip of the tongue constraint in range of movement
Toddler: Commonly causes difficulty with speech, and eating
Adolescence/adult: Reduced tongue mobility may impact intimacy
Function of Intrinsic Tongue Muscles
Superior
Superior longitudinal muscle
Shorten the tongue
Muscles in the tip of the tongue can pull the tongue tip upward
Function of Intrinsic Tongue Muscles
Inferior
Inferior longitudinal muscle
Shorten the tongue
Pulls the tip of the tongue downward
Function of Intrinsic Tongue Muscles
Vertical
Vertical muscle
Flattening of the tongue
Function of Intrinsic Tongue Muscles
Transverse
Transverse muscle
Narrowing of the tongue from side to side
Elongation of the tongue
Function of Exterior Tongue Muscles
Genioglossus
Genioglossus
Anterior fibers retract the tongue
Posterior fibers push the root/base of the tongue forward, which forces the tip of the tongue against the teeth or out of the mouth
Function of Exterior Tongue Muscles
Styloglossus
Styloglossus
Draws the body of the tongue upward and backward
Pulls the side of the tongue upward
Pulls the tongue tip toward one side
Function of Exterior Tongue Muscles
Palatoglossus
Palatoglossus
Pulls upward and backward on the root/base of the tongue
Depresses the soft palate
Function of Exterior Tongue Muscles
Hyoglossus
Hyoglossus
Pulls sides of the tongue down
Adjustments of the Tongue variety
Muscular hydrostat
No skeleton
Pliable and incompressible
Narrowing the tongue will make it longer
Functions of Tongue Muscles
Intrinsic muscles
fine movements of lingual movements
Extrinsic muscles
larger adjustments of lingual movements
