The articulary system I Flashcards by lilian M.

Muscles of the face function

1. Maxilla

Forms the upper jaw and most of the hard palate
Alveolar process-houses the upper teeth
Palatine process

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Muscles of the face function

2.Mandible

Lower jaw
Large horseshoe-shaped structure
    Alveolar process-houses the lower teeth
     Ramus:-Coronoid process
           -Condylar process

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Muscles of the face function

Mandible+ temporal bones

Mandible (lower jaw) is connected to the left and right side of the skull
Mandible + temporal bones
3 ligaments
Temporomandibular ligament
Sphenomandibular ligament
Stylomandibular ligament
Ligament limits downward and forward displacement of the mandible

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Vocal Track Cavities

Structures related to the articulatory system

Nasopharynx :Velum and nasal cavity
Oropharynx : from larynx to the lips (oral vestibule, oral cavity, anterior faucial pillar, pharyngeal cavity).
Laryngopharynx : from epiglottis to vocal folds

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Oral Cavity

- Dentition: type of teeth

Teeth are housed in the alveolar process of the maxilla and mandible. 
  4 types
  Incisors (central and lateral)
  Cuspids (canines)
  Bicuspids (premolars)
  Molars

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Oral Cavity-

Deciduous teeth

Deciduous teeth DT– falling out in childhood and replaced by permanent teeth
Periodontal ligament – in the socket of the teeth
*Senses the pressure of permanent teeth
*Promotes resorption of the root of DT
*DT fall out easily because root is not the anchor anymore

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Oral Cavity- 
Dental Occlusion (fitting together of teeth)
3 classes of malocclusion

Any misalignment of teeth without misalignment of the maxilla and mandible
“Overbite” – Bart Simpson
Maxilla is larger than mandible  stimulate growth of mandible during early stages
“Underbite – Jay Leno
Mandible is larger than maxilla

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Oral Cavity

Dental Occlusion

Permanent open bite: Thumb sucking,
Tongue thrust, Low facial muscle tone

Orofacial Myofunctional therapy can help with open bite

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Muscles of the lips

Orbicularis Oris

Ring muscle within the lips
Intrinsic and extrinsic fibers that intertwine
Most mobile part of the face

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Muscles of the lips

Orbicularis oris contraction

Can result in several positional changes of the lips:

Lips toward one another and forward
Force lips against teeth
Corners of the lips can move *upward/downward/toward a side/toward the midline

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Muscles of the lips

Buccinator

Forms part of the cheek
Pulls the corner of the mouth backward and towards the side
Forces the lips and cheeks against adjacent teeth

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Muscles of the lips

Risorius

Closer to the surface than the buccinator
Draws the corners of the mouth backward and toward the side (smile)
Forces the lips and cheeks against adjacent teeth

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Muscles of the lips

Mentalis

Lies on the front of the chin
Upward movement of the soft tissue of the 
chin
Forces the lower lip upward and curl out
the “pouting muscle”

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Muscles of the lips

Platysma

Very broad muscle that covers most of the front and side of the neck and muscle of the side of the face
Draws the skin of the neck toward the mandible
Pulls the lower lip and corner of the mouth to the side and downward frowning muscle”

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Muscles of the lips

Levators Iabi superioris

Levator labii superioris

Elevates of the upper lip

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Muscles of the lips

Levators labii superioris aleque nasi

Levator labii superioris aleque nasi
Elevates the upper lip
Dilates the anterior nares
translated from Latin, the “lifter of the upper lip and of the wing of the nose”.
It has the longest name of any muscle in an animal.

Muscles of the lips

Levators angularis oris

Levator angularis oris

Draws the corner of the mouth upward and toward the side (smile)

Muscles of lips

Depressors labii inferioris

Depressor labii inferioris
Pulls the lower lip downward and toward the side
Turn lower lip outward

Muscles of the lips

Depressors anguli oris

Depressor anguli oris
Pulls the corner of the mouth downward
Forces lips together by drawing the upper lip downward against the lower lip

Muscles of the lips

Zygomatic major

Zygomatic major
Pulls backward on the corner of the mouth
Lifts the corner of the mouth upward and toward the side

Muscles of the lips

Zygomatic minor

Zygomatic minor
Elevates the upper lips
Pulls the corner of the mouth upward

Muscles of the lips

Movement

Upper lip and lower lip can be moved independently or in coordination
Upper lip can compensate for lower lip when lower lip restricted from moving
Articulatory system is very flexible and can instantly adapt to new situations

Oral Cavity: Parts

Hard palate
Velum (soft palate)
Uvula
Palatine tonsils
Anterior faucial pillars
Palatoglossus
Posterior faucial pillars
Palatopharyngeus

Oral cavity

The tongue location

Occupies the floor of the mouth

Is divided by a median fibrous septum that provides the origination for the transverse intrinsic muscle of the tongue

Oral cavity | The tongue parts

Divided into 4parts *Apex (tip) *Dorsum (anterior part of dorsum referred to as the tongue blade) *Base *Root Note: Tongue root and base can refer to different parts of the tongue depending on the scientist.

Oral cavity | Tongue tie

Rich vascular supply on the undersurface of the tongue (Medication is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream) Lingual frenulum/frenum – band of tissue Lateral to the frenum are the ducts of the submandibular salivary glands

Oral cavity | tongue tie condition

Ankyloglossia – sublingual frenulum is shortened, tight or restrictive, resulting in reduced mobility of the tongue.

Oral cavity | Tongue tie consequences

Consequences Infant: Interference with ability to suck, tip of the tongue constraint in range of movement Toddler: Commonly causes difficulty with speech, and eating Adolescence/adult: Reduced tongue mobility may impact intimacy

Function of Intrinsic Tongue Muscles | Superior

Superior longitudinal muscle Shorten the tongue Muscles in the tip of the tongue can pull the tongue tip upward

Function of Intrinsic Tongue Muscles | Inferior

Inferior longitudinal muscle Shorten the tongue Pulls the tip of the tongue downward

Function of Intrinsic Tongue Muscles | Vertical

Vertical muscle | Flattening of the tongue

Function of Intrinsic Tongue Muscles | Transverse

Transverse muscle Narrowing of the tongue from side to side Elongation of the tongue

Function of Exterior Tongue Muscles | Genioglossus

Genioglossus Anterior fibers retract the tongue Posterior fibers push the root/base of the tongue forward, which forces the tip of the tongue against the teeth or out of the mouth

Function of Exterior Tongue Muscles | Styloglossus

Styloglossus Draws the body of the tongue upward and backward Pulls the side of the tongue upward Pulls the tongue tip toward one side

Function of Exterior Tongue Muscles | Palatoglossus

Palatoglossus Pulls upward and backward on the root/base of the tongue Depresses the soft palate

Function of Exterior Tongue Muscles | Hyoglossus

Hyoglossus | Pulls sides of the tongue down

Adjustments of the Tongue variety

Muscular hydrostat No skeleton Pliable and incompressible Narrowing the tongue will make it longer

Functions of Tongue Muscles

Intrinsic muscles fine movements of lingual movements Extrinsic muscles larger adjustments of lingual movements