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Anatomy and Physiology of speech > The articulary system I > Flashcards

The articulary system I Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles of the face function

1. Maxilla

A

Forms the upper jaw and most of the hard palate
Alveolar process-houses the upper teeth
Palatine process

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2
Q

Muscles of the face function

2.Mandible

A 
Lower jaw
Large horseshoe-shaped structure
    Alveolar process-houses the lower teeth
     Ramus:-Coronoid process
           -Condylar process
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3
Q

Muscles of the face function

Mandible+ temporal bones

A

Mandible (lower jaw) is connected to the left and right side of the skull
Mandible + temporal bones
3 ligaments
Temporomandibular ligament
Sphenomandibular ligament
Stylomandibular ligament
Ligament limits downward and forward displacement of the mandible

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4
Q

Vocal Track Cavities

Structures related to the articulatory system

A

Nasopharynx :Velum and nasal cavity
Oropharynx : from larynx to the lips (oral vestibule, oral cavity, anterior faucial pillar, pharyngeal cavity).
Laryngopharynx : from epiglottis to vocal folds

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5
Q

Oral Cavity

- Dentition: type of teeth

A 
Teeth are housed in the alveolar process of the maxilla and mandible. 
  4 types
  Incisors (central and lateral)
  Cuspids (canines)
  Bicuspids (premolars)
  Molars
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6
Q

Oral Cavity-

Deciduous teeth

A

Deciduous teeth DT– falling out in childhood and replaced by permanent teeth
Periodontal ligament – in the socket of the teeth
*Senses the pressure of permanent teeth
*Promotes resorption of the root of DT
*DT fall out easily because root is not the anchor anymore

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7
Q 
Oral Cavity- 
Dental Occlusion (fitting together of teeth)
3 classes of malocclusion
A
  1. Any misalignment of teeth without misalignment of the maxilla and mandible
  2. “Overbite” – Bart Simpson
    Maxilla is larger than mandible  stimulate growth of mandible during early stages
  3. “Underbite – Jay Leno
    Mandible is larger than maxilla
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8
Q

Oral Cavity

Dental Occlusion

A

Permanent open bite: Thumb sucking,
Tongue thrust, Low facial muscle tone

Orofacial Myofunctional therapy can help with open bite

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9
Q

Muscles of the lips

Orbicularis Oris

A
  • Ring muscle within the lips
  • Intrinsic and extrinsic fibers that intertwine
  • Most mobile part of the face
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10
Q

Muscles of the lips

Orbicularis oris contraction

A

Can result in several positional changes of the lips:

  • Lips toward one another and forward
  • Force lips against teeth
  • Corners of the lips can move *upward/downward/toward a side/toward the midline
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11
Q

Muscles of the lips

Buccinator

A

Forms part of the cheek
Pulls the corner of the mouth backward and towards the side
Forces the lips and cheeks against adjacent teeth

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12
Q

Muscles of the lips

Risorius

A

Closer to the surface than the buccinator
Draws the corners of the mouth backward and toward the side (smile)
Forces the lips and cheeks against adjacent teeth

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13
Q

Muscles of the lips

Mentalis

A 
Lies on the front of the chin
Upward movement of the soft tissue of the 
chin
Forces the lower lip upward and curl out
the “pouting muscle”
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14
Q

Muscles of the lips

Platysma

A

Very broad muscle that covers most of the front and side of the neck and muscle of the side of the face
Draws the skin of the neck toward the mandible
Pulls the lower lip and corner of the mouth to the side and downward frowning muscle”

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15
Q

Muscles of the lips

Levators Iabi superioris

A

Levator labii superioris

Elevates of the upper lip

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16
Q

Muscles of the lips

Levators labii superioris aleque nasi

A

Levator labii superioris aleque nasi
Elevates the upper lip
Dilates the anterior nares
translated from Latin, the “lifter of the upper lip and of the wing of the nose”.
It has the longest name of any muscle in an animal.

17
Q

Muscles of the lips

Levators angularis oris

A

Levator angularis oris

Draws the corner of the mouth upward and toward the side (smile)

18
Q

Muscles of lips

Depressors labii inferioris

A

Depressor labii inferioris
Pulls the lower lip downward and toward the side
Turn lower lip outward

19
Q

Muscles of the lips

Depressors anguli oris

A

Depressor anguli oris
Pulls the corner of the mouth downward
Forces lips together by drawing the upper lip downward against the lower lip

20
Q

Muscles of the lips

Zygomatic major

A

Zygomatic major
Pulls backward on the corner of the mouth
Lifts the corner of the mouth upward and toward the side

21
Q

Muscles of the lips

Zygomatic minor

A

Zygomatic minor
Elevates the upper lips
Pulls the corner of the mouth upward

22
Q

Muscles of the lips

Movement

A
  • Upper lip and lower lip can be moved independently or in coordination
  • Upper lip can compensate for lower lip when lower lip restricted from moving
  • Articulatory system is very flexible and can instantly adapt to new situations
23
Q

Oral Cavity: Parts

A 
Hard palate
Velum (soft palate)
Uvula
Palatine tonsils
Anterior faucial pillars
Palatoglossus
Posterior faucial pillars
Palatopharyngeus
24
Q

Oral cavity

The tongue location

A

Occupies the floor of the mouth

Is divided by a median fibrous septum that provides the origination for the transverse intrinsic muscle of the tongue

25
Q

Oral cavity

The tongue parts

A

Divided into 4parts
*Apex (tip)
*Dorsum (anterior part of dorsum referred to as the tongue blade)
*Base
*Root
Note: Tongue root and base can refer to different parts of the tongue depending on the scientist.

26
Q

Oral cavity

Tongue tie

A

Rich vascular supply on the undersurface of the tongue (Medication is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream)
Lingual frenulum/frenum
– band of tissue
Lateral to the frenum are the ducts of the submandibular salivary glands

27
Q

Oral cavity

tongue tie condition

A

Ankyloglossia – sublingual frenulum is shortened, tight or restrictive, resulting in reduced mobility of the tongue.

28
Q

Oral cavity

Tongue tie consequences

A

Consequences
Infant: Interference with ability to suck, tip of the tongue constraint in range of movement
Toddler: Commonly causes difficulty with speech, and eating
Adolescence/adult: Reduced tongue mobility may impact intimacy

29
Q

Function of Intrinsic Tongue Muscles

Superior

A

Superior longitudinal muscle
Shorten the tongue
Muscles in the tip of the tongue can pull the tongue tip upward

30
Q

Function of Intrinsic Tongue Muscles

Inferior

A

Inferior longitudinal muscle
Shorten the tongue
Pulls the tip of the tongue downward

31
Q

Function of Intrinsic Tongue Muscles

Vertical

A

Vertical muscle

Flattening of the tongue

32
Q

Function of Intrinsic Tongue Muscles

Transverse

A

Transverse muscle
Narrowing of the tongue from side to side
Elongation of the tongue

33
Q

Function of Exterior Tongue Muscles

Genioglossus

A

Genioglossus
Anterior fibers retract the tongue
Posterior fibers push the root/base of the tongue forward, which forces the tip of the tongue against the teeth or out of the mouth

34
Q

Function of Exterior Tongue Muscles

Styloglossus

A

Styloglossus
Draws the body of the tongue upward and backward
Pulls the side of the tongue upward
Pulls the tongue tip toward one side

35
Q

Function of Exterior Tongue Muscles

Palatoglossus

A

Palatoglossus
Pulls upward and backward on the root/base of the tongue
Depresses the soft palate

36
Q

Function of Exterior Tongue Muscles

Hyoglossus

A

Hyoglossus

Pulls sides of the tongue down

37
Q

Adjustments of the Tongue variety

A

Muscular hydrostat
No skeleton
Pliable and incompressible
Narrowing the tongue will make it longer

38
Q

Functions of Tongue Muscles

A

Intrinsic muscles
fine movements of lingual movements
Extrinsic muscles
larger adjustments of lingual movements

Anatomy and Physiology of speech (8 decks)

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