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RA1 (1) > The Anterolateral Wall of the Abdomen, Abdominal Cavity, Its Contents and Major Viscera > Flashcards

The Anterolateral Wall of the Abdomen, Abdominal Cavity, Its Contents and Major Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

Prominent visual features of the anterior abdominal wall

A
  • Epigastric region
  • Umbilicus
  • Periumbilical region
  • Hypogastric region
  • Anterolateral wall tissues and muscles
  • Anterior superior iliac spine
  • Iliac crest
  • Pubic tubercle
  • Linea alba
  • Semilunar line
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2
Q

Theoretical landmarks of the anterior abdominal wall

A
  • Transpyloric plane
  • Trans-tubercular plane
  • Spino-umbilical line
  • McBurney’s point
  • Mid-clavicular line
  • Mid-inguinal line
  • Arcuate line
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3
Q

What does the transpyloric plane pass through?

A

Pylorus of the stomach

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4
Q

What vertebral level is the transpyloric plane at?

A

L1

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5
Q

What is the transpyloric plane midway between? (2 sets)

A
  • Jugular notch of sternum and pubic symphysis
  • Xiphoid process and umbilicus
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6
Q

What does the mid-inguinal point form the midpoint of?

A

Imaginary line joining anterior superior iliac spine and pubic symphysis

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7
Q

What does the mid-inguinal point mark?

A

Position where the external iliac artery leaves the abdomen to become femoral artery

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8
Q

What is McBurney’s point?

A

Point on right side of abdomen 1/3 of the distance from anterior superior iliac spine to umbilicus

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9
Q

Gross boundaries of abdominal cavity

A
  • Diaphragm (superior)
  • Pelvic brim (inferior)
  • Anterolateral abdomino-pelvic wall (ant-lat)
  • Posterior abdominal wall (posterior)
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10
Q

2 groups of the muscles of the anterolateral wall

A
  • Lateral group
  • Midline group
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11
Q

Muscles of the lateral group

A
  • External oblique
  • Internal oblique
  • Transversus abdominis
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12
Q

Muscles of the midline group

A
  • Rectus abdominis
  • Pyramidalis
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13
Q

Where is the arcuate line found?

A
  • Posterior to rectus abdominis
  • Half distance from umbilicus to pubic crest
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14
Q

Tissue layers of rectus sheath superior to arcuate line

A
  • Aponeurosis of external oblique (anterior to rectus abdominis
  • Aponeurosis of internal oblique (surrounds RA)
  • Aponeurosis of transversus abdominis (posterior to RA)
  • Transversalis fascia (posterior to RA)
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15
Q

Tissue layers of rectus sheath inferior to arcuate line

A
  • Aponeurosis of all 3 muscles anterior to rectus abdominis
  • Transversalis fascia (posterior to RA)
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16
Q

How is the abdomen divided into quadrants?

A

Perpendicular lines from umbilicus

17
Q

How is the abdomen divided into 9 compartments?

A
  • 2 vertical lines joining mid-clavicular points to mid-inguinal points
  • Sub-costal plane
  • Trans-tubercular plane
18
Q

Where is the sub-costal plane?

A

Across the lowermost bony point of ribcage (10th costal cartilage)

19
Q

Where is the trans-tubercular plane?

A

Across the 2 tubercles of iliac crests

20
Q

What are the 9 regions called?

A
  • Left and right sides (top to bottom)
    > L/R hypochondriac region
    > L/R lumbar region
    > L/R iliac region
  • Central (top to bottom)
    > Epigastric region
    > Umbilical region
    > Hypogastric region
21
Q

What does the peritoneum line?

A
  • All interior surfaces of abdominal wall (except bare area of liver)
  • Surfaces of all viscera of abdomen (except bare area of liver)
22
Q

What is peritoneum classified as histologically?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

23
Q

What is the parietal peritoneum innervated by?

A

Sensory division of somatic nervous system

24
Q

What is the visceral peritoneum innervated by?

A

Sensory division of autonomic nervous system

25
Q

3 compartments of abdominal cavity

A
  • Peritoneal compartment
  • Intraperitoneal compartment
  • Extraperitoneal compartment
26
Q

What is a mesentery?

A
  • Double layer of peritoneum connecting organs to body wall
  • Allow for passage of nerves and blood vessels to organs
27
Q

What is a ligament?

A
  • Double layer of peritoneum connecting organs to other organs or to the body wall
  • Carry less vessels and nerves than mesenteries
28
Q

What is the omentum?

A

Double layer/fold of peritoneum connecting stomach to other organs

29
Q

Greater vs lesser omentum

A
  • Greater drapes inferiorly over transverse colon and coils of jejunum and ileum
  • Lesser attaches stomach, duodenum and liver
30
Q

Layers of anterior abdominal wall

A
  • Skin
  • Camper’s fascia (fatty layer of superficial)
  • Scarpa’s fascia (membranous layer of superficial
  • External oblique
  • Internal oblique
  • Transversus abdominis
  • Transversalis fascia
  • Extraperitoneal fascia
  • Parietal peritoneum

RA1 (1) (14 decks)

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