The Ankle And Foot

Question 0

The hind foot- tibiofibular joint

Answer 0

Minimal amount of movement but allows small spread during dorsiflexion
Fibula moves superiorly during dorsiflexion
No defined capsular pattern
Reinforced by: anterior tibiofibular ligaments, posterior tibiofibular ligaments, inferior transverse ligs, interosseous membrane

Question 1

Functions of the ankle and foot

Answer 1

Foot and ankle combine flexibility and stability
2 primary functions: propulsion and support
-acts as a support base
-provides a mechanism for tibia and fibula rotation
-provides flexibility to adapt to uneven terrain
-provides flexibility for absorption of shock
-acts as a lever during push-off of gait
Terminal part of the lower kinetic chain

Question 2

Hind foot- talocrural joint

Answer 2

Hinge, synovial joint
Talus: wider anteriorly than posteriorly
Medial malleolus shorter than lateral malleolus
One degree of freedom: dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
Triplanar: dorsiflexion brings foot up and out, plantarflexion brings foot down and in
Reinforced: medially by deltoid lig and laterally by anterior and posterior talofibular ligaments and calcaneofibular ligament
Capsular pattern: greater limitation in plantar flexion than dorsiflexion

Question 3

Hind foot- subtalar joint

Answer 3

3 articulations: posterior, anterior, and middle articulations btw talus and calcaneus
Alternating convex-concave facets creates twisting motion of calcaneus on talus
Reinforced: anterior, posterior, lateral, and medial talocalcaneal ligaments and interosseous talocalcaneal ligament
One degree of freedom: inversion and version
Capsular pattern: greater limitation in inversion

Question 4

Mid foot- mid tarsal joints/ transverse tarsal joints

Answer 4

Medial half is the talonavicular joint: spring ligament maintains apposition of medial aspects of forefoot and hind foot.
Lateral half is the calcaneocuboid joint: reinforced by short and long plantar ligaments both support normal arch configuration
One degree of freedom: inversion and Everton
Capsular pattern: limitation in inversion

Question 5

Forefoot: tarsometatarsal joint

Answer 5

Referred to as Lisfrancs joint
5 tarsometatarsal joints link distal tarsals to bases of 5 metatarsals
Primarily perform flexion and extension; limited abduction and adduction, rotation
Distal joint surfaces slide in same direction as shafts of metatarsals

Question 6

Forefoot- metatarsophalangeal joints

Answer 6

1st MTP joint has 2 sesamoid bones
2 degrees of freedom: flexion-extension and abduction-adduction
Capsular pattern: 1st MTP: more limitation in extension than flexion
Lesser 4: more limitation in flexion than extension

Question 7

Forefoot- interphalangeal joint

Answer 7

One degree of freedom: flexion-extension

Capsular pattern: more limitation in flexion than extension