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Jamie GI > The Alimentary Canal > Flashcards

The Alimentary Canal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 basic functions of the digestive system?

A

Digestion
Secretion
Absorption
Motility

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2
Q

What is the basic order of organs in the alimentary system? (8)

A

Mouth > Esophagus > Stomach > Pancreas > Liver > Gallbladder > Small intestine > Large intestine

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3
Q

What is the basic function of the mouth? (2)

A 
Breakdown foodstuff (chewing)
Lubricate foodstuff (saliva)
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4
Q

What is the basic function of the Oesophagus?

A

Transport foodstuff between the mouth and stomach

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5
Q

What is the basic function of the Stomach? (4)

A

Digestion of proteins
Liquidation of foodstuffs
Storage
Sterilisation

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6
Q

What is the basic function of the Pancreas?

A

To produce digestive enzymes for carbohydrates, fats and proteins

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7
Q

What is the basic function of the Liver?

A

To produce bile salts for the digestion/absorption of fats in the small intestine

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8
Q

What is the basic function of the Gallbladder?

A

To store and concentrate bile

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9
Q

What is the basic function of the small intestine?

A

Provides final stages of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

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10
Q

What is the basic function of the large intestine? (3)

A

Water absorption
Fermentation of bacteria
Formation of faeces

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11
Q

What are the 4 distinctive layers of the alimentary canal?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa or adventitia

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12
Q

What are the 3 layers of the mucosa? (from innermost to outermost)

A

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis musosae

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13
Q

What type of mucosa epithelium is present in the following areas: Mouth, esophagus, anal canal?

A

Stratified squamous

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14
Q

What type of mucosa epithelium is present in the following areas: Stomach, small & large intestine?

A

Simple columnar

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15
Q

What are the 3 functions of the mucosa epithelium?

A

Separate lumen of canal from the body
Abdsorb products of digestion
Synthesise and secrete digestive enzymes, hormones and mucus

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16
Q

What is the Lamina propria made of?

A

Loose connective tissue

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17
Q

What is the muscularis mucosae made from?

A

A thin smooth muscle layer

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18
Q

In which layer of the mucoasa could glands and blood/lymph vessels be found?

A

Lamina propria

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19
Q

What type of tissue is the submucosa made from?

A

Thick, irregular connective tissue

20
Q

What is contained within the submucosa? (3)

A

Neurones
Blood vessels
Lymphatic vessels

21
Q

What is the name of the neurone network formed in the submucosa and what type of neurone network is it?

A

Submucosal plexus - parasympathetic network

22
Q

What additional feature is contained in the submucosa of only the esophagus and duodenum?

A

Submucosal glands

23
Q

What are the 2 cocentric thick layers of smooth muscle in the Muscularis Externa?

A

Circular muscle - inner layer

Longitudinal muscle - outer later

24
Q

What is the function of the circular muscle in the Muscularis Externa?

A

To constrict the lumen

25
Q

What is the function of the longitudinal muscle in the Muscularis Externa?

A

Shortens the tube

26
Q

What is the overall function of the the 2 layers of the Muscularis Externa?

A

To produce motility (peristalsis, segmentation)

27
Q

What plexus lies between the circular and longitudinal muscle?

A

Myenteric Plexus

28
Q

What do the submucosal and myenteric plexuses make up together?

A

The enteric nervous system (ENS)

29
Q

What is the funciton of the ENS (enteric nervous system)?

A

Independent control of gut function

30
Q

What type of tissue is the serosa/adventitia made from?

A

Connective tissue

31
Q

Which layer (serosa or adventitia) attaches outside the peritoneal cavity and what does it do?

A

Adventitia - attaches oesophagus and rectum to surrounding structures

32
Q

Which layer (serosa or adventitia) attaches inside the peritoneal cavity and what does it do?

A

Serosa - surround the stomach, small intestine and large intestine

33
Q

What are the (a) Long and (b) Short reflexes of the nervous control of alimentary function?

A

(a) parasympathetic

(b) Enteric Nervous System

34
Q

Which nerve innervates the parasympathetic control (except salivation) of alimentary function?

A

Vagus nerve (X)

35
Q

What effect does the parasympathetic system have on alimentary function? (2)

A

It stimulates secretion and motility

36
Q

Which nerve innervates the sympathetic control of alimentary function?

A

Splanchnic nerve

37
Q

What effect does the sympathetic system have on alimentary function? (3)

A

Inhibits secretion and motility

Stimulates salivation

38
Q

Which 2 nerves innervate parasympathetic salivation in alimentary function?

A

Facial (VII)

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

39
Q

What are the 3 main branches of the D.Aorta for the arterial supply of the GI tract?

A

Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery

40
Q

What 4 organs does the celiac trunk supply?

A

Stomach
Small intestine
Pancreas
Liver

41
Q

What 4 organs does the Superior mesenteric artery supply?

A

Small intestine
Caecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon

42
Q

What 3 organs does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

43
Q

Which veins does the stomach drain into?

A

Gastric veins

44
Q

Which vein does the pancreas drain into?

A

Splenic vein

45
Q

Which vein does the small intestine, caecum, ascending colon and transverse colon drain into?

A

Superior mesenteric vein

46
Q

Which vein does the rectum, descending colon and sigmoid colon drain into?

A

Inferior mesenteric vein

47
Q

Which vein do all the smaller GI veins drain into before going through the hepatic vein into the IVC?

A

Hepatic portal vein

Jamie GI (12 decks)

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