Nutrient Digestion 1 (Carbohydrates and Proteins) Flashcards
What are the 3 types of carbohydrate?
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
What are the 3 main monosaccharides?
Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
What are the 3 main disaccharides and what are their monosaccharide constituents?
Lactose = glucose and galactose Sucrose = glucose and fructose Maltose = glucose and glucose
What type of bond links monosaccharides to form disaccharides?
Glycosidic bond
Where can the brush border enzymes that break down disaccharides into their constituent monomers be found?
In the small intestine
What are the brush border enzymes to break down the following enzymes
(a) Lactose
(b) Sucrose
(c) Maltose
(a) Lactase
(b) Sucrase
(c) Maltase
What are the 3 main types of polysaccharide?
Starch - plant storage
Cellulose - plant cell walls
Glycogen - animal storage of glucose
What are the 2 constituents of starch?
a-amylose - glucose linked by straight chains
amylopectin - glucose chains that are highly branched
What do amylase enzymes do?
Hydrolyse a-1,4 glycosidic bonds between glucose monomers
Where can amylase enzymes be found? (2)
Saliva
Pancreas
Why can there be no enzymatic digestion of cellulose in vertebrates?
It requires certain bacteria not present in vertebrates to produce cellulase
What type of bonds link amino acids to form proteins?
Peptide bonds
What are small proteins (3-10 amino acids) called?
Peptides
What are enzymes that hydrolyse proteins/peptides to amino acids called?
Proteases/Peptidases
