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Jamie GI > Pathology of the Upper GI Tract > Flashcards

Pathology of the Upper GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is oesophageal reflux caused by?

A

Reflux of gastric acid into the oesophagus

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2
Q

What are the 2 main complications of oesophageal reflux?

A

Fibrosis (due to healing)

Barrett’s oesophagus

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3
Q

Barrett’s oesophagus is a type of metaplasia that transforms what type of tissue?

A

Squamous epithelium - Glandular epithelium

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of oesophageal cancer?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

Adenocarcinoma

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5
Q

What are the 3 main risk factors for squamous cell oesophageal cancer?

A

Smoking
Alcohol
Dietary carcinogens

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6
Q

What are the 2 main risk factors for adenocarcinoma oesophageal cancer?

A

Barrett’s oesophagus (metaplasia)

Obesity

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7
Q

What are 3 local effects of oesophageal cancer?

A

Obstruction
Ulceration
Perforation

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8
Q

Where does oesophageal cancer spread through the blood?

A

The liver

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9
Q

What are the 3 types of pathology for gastritis?

A 
Autoimmune (type A)
Bacterial (type B)
Chemical injury (type C)
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10
Q

What is autoimmune gastritis?

A

An organ-specific autoimmune disease

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11
Q

What is the main cause of bacterial gastritis?

A

Helicobacter pylori

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12
Q

What are the 3 causes of chemical gastritis?

A

Drugs (NSAIDs)
Alcohol
Bile reflux

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13
Q

What causes peptic ulceration?

A

Imbalance between acid secretion and mucosal barrier

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14
Q

What are the 3 organs that peptic ulceration affects (and the specific areas of these organs)?

A

Oesophagus (lower)
Stomach (body and antrum)
Duodenum (first and second parts)

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15
Q

What are the 3 main complications of peptic ulceration?

A

Bleeding (acute or chronic)
Perforation
Fibrosis (healing)

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16
Q

What is gastric (stomach) cancer usually associated with?

A

A previous H.pylori infection

17
Q

What histological type of cancer is gastric cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma

18
Q

Where does gastric cancer spread in terms of blood spread?

A

The liver

19
Q

What type of tissue does gastric cancer arise in?

A

Glandular epithelium

Jamie GI (12 decks)

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