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Jamie GI > Hepato-biliary Pathology > Flashcards

Hepato-biliary Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 main functions of the liver?

A

Protein synthesis
Metabolism of fat and carbohydrates
Detoxification of drugs and toxins (including alcohol)

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2
Q

What causes liver failure?

A

When the number of working hepatocytes is insufficient to deal with the liver injury

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of liver injury?

A

Acute and Chronic

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4
Q

What are the 2 main causes of acute liver injury?

A

Hepatitis

Bile duct obstruction

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5
Q

What are the 4 main types of viral hepatitis?

A

Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis E

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6
Q

What are the 2 main effects of viral hepatitis on the liver?

A

Inflammation of the liver

Damage and death to liver cells

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7
Q

What are the 3 most likely outcomes of acute inflammation due to viral hepatitis?

A

Resolution (Hep A, E)
Liver failure (Hep A, B, E)
Progression to chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis (Hep B, C)

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8
Q

What are the 2 main conditions involving the liver associated with excessive alcohol consumption?

A

Alcoholic hepatitis

Liver cirrhosis

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9
Q

What are the 3 outcomes of alcoholic hepatitis?

A

Acute inflammation
Liver cell death
Liver failure

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10
Q

What is jaundice caused by?

A

Increased circulating billirubin

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11
Q

What are the 3 pathways of bilirubin metabolism?

A

Pre-hepatic
Hepatic
Post-hepatic

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12
Q

What 3 events occur in the pre-hepatic bilirubin pathway?

A
  1. Haemoglobin breaks down in spleen to form haem and globin
  2. Haem is converted to bilirubin
  3. Bilirubin is released into the circulation
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13
Q

What 3 events occur in the hepatic bilirubin pathway?

A
  1. Bilirubin is taken in by hepatocytes
  2. Bilirubin is conjugated in hepatocytes
  3. Conjugated bilirubin is excreted into the biliary system
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14
Q

What 3 events occur in the post-hepatic bilirubin pathway?

A
  1. Conjugated bilirubin is transported in the biliary system to the intestine
  2. Conjugated bilirubin is broken down in the intestine
  3. Re-absorption of bilirubin via the entero-hepatic circulation
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15
Q

What are the 3 classifications of jaundice causation

A

Pre-hepatic
Hepatic
Post-hepatic

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16
Q

What is the most common cause for pre-hepatic jaundice?

A

Haemolysis (increased release of haemoglobin from red blood cells)

17
Q

What are the 2 main hepatic causes of jaundice?

A

Cholestasis

Intra-hepatic bile duct obstruction

18
Q

What is cholestasis?

A

An accumulation of bile within the hepatocytes or bile canaliculi

19
Q

What are the 4 main causes of cholestasis?

A

Viral hepatitis
Alcohol hepatitis
Liver failure
Drugs (therapeutic & recreational)

20
Q

What conditions can intra-hepatic bile duct obstruction lead to? (3)

A

Primary biliary cholangitis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Tumours of the liver

Jamie GI (12 decks)

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