Nutrient Digestion 2 (Fats, Vitamins and Minerals) Flashcards
What is the main form of ingested fat?
Triacuclglycerol
What enzyme is responsible for all fat digestion in the small intestine?
Pancreatic lipase
What does lipase break triacyclglycerol into?
Monoglyceride + 2 fatty acids
Where part of the triacylglycerol droplet does digestion take place?
On the surface of the droplet
What does emulsification mean in terms of lipid droplets?
Dividing large lipid droplets into smaller droplets to increase surface are for lipase action
What are the 2 requirements for emulsification?
Mechanical disruption of large lipid droplets into small droplets
Emulsifying agent to prevent small droplets reforming into big droplets
How does mechanical disruption of emulsification work?
Smooth muscle contraction grinds and mixes lumenal contents (emulsifying agents and lipids)
What are 2 examples of emulsifying agents of lipid droplets?
Bile salts
Phospholipids
What enhances the rate of absorption of lipase digestion products?
Micelles
What are Micelles?
Droplets formed of bile salt, monoglycerides, fatty acids and phospholipids
What reforms fatty acids and monoglycerides into triacylglycerols
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What occurs after triacylglycerol molecules are coated with amphiphatic protein?
Emulsification
What are chylomicrons?
Extracellular fat droplets that contain phospholipids, cholesterol & fat-soluble vitamins
What are the 2 main classes of vitamins?
Fat-soluble
Water-soluble
What are the 4 main types of fat-soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, K
