the abdomen pt4 circulation Flashcards
unit 3 the abdomen and pelvis
Identify Quadratus lumborum
Origin: Iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
Insertion: Transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae and the twelfth rib
Action: contraction of one side flexes the vertebral column laterally. Contraction of both sides extends the vertebral column
Identify Psoas Major
Origin: Transverse process of L1-L5
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
Action: Flexes hip. Rotates thigh laterally. Flexes vertebral column
Identify Psoas Minor
Origin: Body, disc, and transverse process of L1
Insertion: Superior pubic ramus
Action: Flexes vertebral column
The aortic arch leads immediately into what other segment of the aorta?
descending thoracic aorta
Once the descending aorta passes through the diaphragm it is known as what?
Abdominal aorta (descending abdominal aorta)
At what level of the vertebral column does the aorta end?
L4
The aorta terminates by bifurcating into what two arteries?
Left and right common iliac arteries
What two arteries form an extensive anastomosis which supplies the anterior abdominal wall?
Superior and inferior epigastric arteries
What blood vessels carry blood to and from the diaphragm?
Superior and inferior phrenic arteries
What unpaired blood vessel arises from the abdominal aorta and splits into three branches that supply the stomach, part of the duodenum, the liver, and the spleen?
Celiac trunk
What artery supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach?
Left gastric artery
What artery supplies the spleen?
Splenic artery
What branch of the celiac trunk supplies the liver and related organs?
Common hepatic artery
What unpaired artery emerges from the abdominal aorta and supplies most of the small intestine, the pancreas, and the proximal part of the large intestine?
Superior mesenteric artery
What arteries supply the kidneys?
renal arteries
What arteries supply the gonads?
Gonadal arteries (Testicular arteries, Ovarian arteries)
What unpaired artery emerges from the abdominal aorta and supplies the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum?
Inferior mesenteric artery
How do veins differ structurally from arteries?
Less smooth muscle
Valves
What blood vessel returns blood from the lower limbs, pelvis and perineum, and abdominal structures to the right atrium of the heart?
Inferior vena cava
What drains the kidneys?
Renal veins
What veins drain the gonads?
Gonadal veins (testicular or ovarian)
The left drains into the left renal vein.
The right drains into the inferior vena cava.
What is a system of veins that begins and ends in capillaries?
A portal system
What large vein receives oxygen-poor but nutrient-rich blood from the GI tract and delivers it directly to the liver?
Hepatic portal vein
What are the three main tributaries of the hepatic portal vein?
Inferior mesenteric vein
Splenic vein
Superior mesenteric vein
What veins carry blood from the liver into the inferior vena cava?
Hepatic veins
List the general functions of the lymphatic system.
Absorbs and transports excess interstitial fluid back into the bloodstream.
Absorbs and transports dietary lipids.
Houses lymphocytes.
Generates an immune response.
What are the closed-ended tubes which are found among blood capillary networks and which work to collect excess interstitial fluid?
Lymphatic capillaries
What structures of the lymphatic system resemble veins in that they have three tunics and valves?
Lymphatic vessels
What lymphatic organs are connected to lymph vessels and work to filter foreign or pathogenic material from lymph?
Lymph nodes
What structure collects lymph from the right upper extremity the right side of the head and neck, and the right side of the thorax and returns it to the blood at the junction of the right internal jugular vein and the right subclavian vein?
Right lymphatic duct
What structure collects lymph from the left side of the head and neck, left upper extremity, left thorax, and all body regions inferior to the diaphragm?
Thoracic duct
What rounded, saclike structure lies at the base of the thoracic duct?
Cisterna chyli
What are small, round or oval structures that are located along the pathways of lymph vessels?
Lymph nodes
List some clusters of lymph nodes that are palpable from the surface of the body?
Axillary lymph nodes
Inguinal lymph nodes
Cervical lymph nodes
Cubital lymph nodes
What is the organ of exchange between a mother and a fetus?
The placenta
What structure carries blood between the fetus and the placenta?
The umbilical cord
What blood vessels carry blood from the fetus to the placenta?
Umbilical arteries
The umbilical arteries of the fetus become what structures after birth?
Medial umbilical ligaments
What structure carries blood from the placenta to the fetus?
Umbilical vein
The umbilical vein of the fetus becomes what structure after birth?
Round ligament of the liver (ligamentum teres)
The umbilical vein enters the body of the fetus through the umbilicus and goes to the liver. There it delivers some blood to the liver. The remainder of the blood is taken to the inferior vena cava by what blood vessel?
Ductus venosus
