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Psychopharmacology > THC > Flashcards

THC Flashcards

1
Q

What are the effects of THC?

A

analgesic (perception of pain)
Euphoriant or sedative (makes you happy or tires you)
Anxiolytic/anxiogenic (change anxiety-levels)
Appetite stimulant
Hallucinogen

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2
Q

What are clinical uses of THC?

A

treatment of glaucoma
treatment of anorexia
reduce nausea

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3
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

Damage to optic nerve by buildup of fluid

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4
Q

What is the most pharmacologically active cannabinoid in cannabis?

A

delta-9 THC

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5
Q

How lipid-soluble is THC?

A

Very - high depot binding

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6
Q

How long does it take for THC to show behavioral effects when smoked?

A

5 minutes
peak effects within 30 min
last ~3 hr

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7
Q

Where is THC eliminated?

A

Mostly urine

But also some in feces (because it’s so lipid-soluble)

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8
Q

What is the 1/2 life of THC?

A

20-96hr.. 50hr for some metabolites. Stored in fat, released like a time capsule

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9
Q

Are cannabinoid receptors ionotropic or metabotropic?

A

Metabotropic

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10
Q

Why should there be cannabinoid receptors in the brain?

A

There are endocannabinoids

e.g. anadamide (stress, pain, learning), 2-AG

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11
Q

Why should there be cannabinoid receptors in the brain?

A

There are endocannabinoids

e.g. anadamide (stress, pain, learning), 2-AG

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12
Q

How do cannabinoid receptors modulate stress?

A

HPA axis is chock full of them

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13
Q

How is pain modulated by cannabinoid receptors?

A

Periaquaductal grey has a lot

Hypothalamus has a lot

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14
Q

Why is nausea modulated by endocannabinoids?

A

Area postrema is chock full of cannabinoid receptors

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15
Q

Does THC agonize or antagonize cannabinoid receptors?

A

‘agonist’

Although some studies say partial agonist

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16
Q

Where else are cannabinoid receptors expressed a lot?

A

Cortex
HC
Cerebellum
Basal ganglia (globus pallidus)

17
Q

What does CB1 do in regards to GABAergic neurons?

A

Preferentially reduce inhibitory transmitter release

18
Q

Why are there pyramidal neurons in the HC?

A

Hippocampus is part of the cortex! (Old cortex / archicortex - 3 layers instead of 6)

19
Q

What type of input is on distal dendrites?

A

Excitatory

20
Q

What type of input is more on proximal dendrites?

A

Inhibitory

21
Q

What releases moderate amounts of endocannabinoids?

A

Released when we’re learning something (e.g. stress?)

22
Q

What is the effect of moderate endocannabinoids getting released under stress?

A

CB1 inhibition of GABA release

23
Q

What effect does CB1 inhibition of GABA release have?

A

EPSPs are unfettered because release of GABA is inhibited

More NMDA activation = more AMPA release

24
Q

Does THC inhibit or excite long-term potentiation?

A

Inhibits it

25
Q

Why does THC inhibit LTP?

A

THC inhibits CB1 receptors on glutamatergic terminals, inhibiting Ca2+ influx and suppressing glutamate release

26
Q

Are CB1 receptors always activating?

A

No, they’re like a safety valve

Only under intense stress

27
Q

What do endocannabinoids do in the HC?

What does THC do in the HC?

A

Endocannabinoids activate CB1 on GABA terminals, inhibiting GABA and causing excitation

THC agonizes CB1 receptors on GABA terminals, but also on glutamate terminals, causing a NET EFFECT of inhibition

28
Q

What are some inverse agonists for CB1?

What are some agonists for CB1?

What are some antagonists for CB1?

A

The point here: CB1 enjoys the full range of pharmacodynamic properties

Inverse agonist: rimonabant
Agonist: WIN 55,212-2
Antagonist: Ibipinabant

29
Q

What is the functional difference between CB-1 receptors and adenosine receptors?

A

Very similar..

But CB-1

30
Q

What does SR141716 to to high people?

A

Decreases effects

It’s an inverse agonist

31
Q

What happens to reflexes / motor skills with THC?

A

Reflexes unaffected

Motor skills compromised, however, by inability to concentrate

32
Q

What happens to attention/memory with THC?

A

Inability to pay attention

Short-term memory decreased

33
Q

What happens to suggestions / associations with THC?

A

More open to suggestions

More open to seeing associations

34
Q

What happens to escape latency in morris water maze with CB1-impaired mice?

A

They learn much more slowly

greater path length, longer escape latency, more returns

35
Q

What are returns in regards to CB1-knockout mice in Morris water mazes?

A

They keep going back to the old place the platform was

Don’t learn that it’s changed location

36
Q

What is the LD50 of THC?

A

No known LD50. No confirmed instances of brain pathology

37
Q

Is THC withdrawal a thing?

A

Yes, although more mild than ethanol

High withdrawal discomfort score after 1-3 days, takes a few weeks for it to disappear

38
Q

Where in the digestive system are there a lot of CB receptors?

A

GI tract - tons of them.

Partly increases hedonic value of foods high in fat

Psychopharmacology (12 decks)

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