Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychopharmacology > Anatomy review > Flashcards

Anatomy review Flashcards

1
Q

Sagittal?

A

Plane that separates your eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Coronal?

A

Slicing the brain from front to back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does CSF go after circulating through brain?

A

subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are convergence / divergence?

A

Convergence: Neurons receive input from a ton of other cellls

Divergence: Neurons send out the same input to a ton of other cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an axon collateral?

A

Part of an axon that branches out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

motor efferents

A

Also from mixed nerves.

Begin in ventral home of spinal cord, end on skeletal muscles. Send out motor commands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

choroid plexus

A

cells that produce CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are sensory afferents composed of?

A

They come from mixed nerves (nerves with both motor neurons and sensory neurons)

Sensory (somatosensory) afferents go to the dorsal root ganglion from outside of cell. Neurons have somas in dorsal root ganglia, with dendrites receiving somatosensory info.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

A

Internal environment (e.g. hearts, organs, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What / where are the sympathetic ganglia?

A

Cluster of cell bodies, many of which are near the spinal cord

Have to do with acetylcholine/neuropenephrine innervating muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What / where are the efferent parasympathetic neurons?

A

(parasympathetic: internal organs, relaxed state)

Located in the brain or the ventral horn of spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are the meninges?

Dura mater?

Arachnoid?

Pia mater?

A

Meninges: layers of tissue under the skull

Dura mater: Outermost layer, closest to skull

Arachnoid: weblike sublayer filled with CSF just below dura

Pia mater: Sits directly on nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a hydrocephalic brain?

A

‘fluid brain’

too much CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a nucleus at the whole-brain level of anatomy?

A

Group of neurons with a common purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens as we go caudal to rostral?

A

Functions get more complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the neuraxis?

A

Central nervous system in a single plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can the spinal cord - and only the spinal cord - do?

A

Reflexes

e.g. walking (mostly spinal cord!)

Circuitry in spinal cord act as pattern generators

Brain only starts running/walking etc!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If you were looking up at a cross section of spinal cord, what would you see?

A

Dorsal horns > SOMATOSENSORY (dorsal always somatosensory!) gray matter

Dorsal columns (convey touch info) white matter

Ventral horns > MOTOR

Ventral columns (motor info)

Dorsal root ganglia come out of dorsal horns (peripheral nervous system)

Gray matter on the inside surrounded by white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What brain part plays role in cardiorespiratory cycles,

Digesting, coughing, vomiting?

A

Medulla oblongata

Has medulary pyramids, which is where motor pathways split

20
Q

What is the difference between pons and medula?

A

Pons has locus coruleus (neurepenephrine)

Gets input from dorsal column nuclei

Beginning of emotional control, sleep/wake cycle….

Medulla only gets ventral column nucleus input

21
Q

You have two rats

One doesn’t have a neocortex

What’s the difference in behavior?

A

Novel behavior in the rats

Caudal/inferior areas still give the lesioned one ability to survive

22
Q

What does ‘mesencephalon’ mean?

A

Midbrain

23
Q

Why is the substantia nigra black?

A

Melanin accumulates as dopamine is metabolized!

24
Q

What are the structures of the midbrain?

A

Tectum (roof)

Tegmentum (floor)

in tectum:

Superior colliculi: visual relay/blindsight

Inferior colliculi: auditory relay/auditory localization

in tegmentum:

Substantia nigra (habit learning, initiation of movement)

Ventral tegmental area (reward)

Periaqueductal grey (modulation of pain)

25
Q

What structure distributes sensory information to cortex?

A

Thalamus. Gets input from caudal structures (e.g VTA, substantia nigra, etc)

26
Q

What does the superior colliculus do?

Inferior colliculus?

A

Superior: Visual relay

Inferior: auditory relay

27
Q

Where is the superior colliculus located?

A

Tectum (‘roof’) of midbrain - superior to the pons

28
Q

What structure in the tegmentum helps with movement initiation and habit learning?

A

Substantia nigra

29
Q

What structure in the tegmentum helps with reward?

A

VTA

30
Q

Where is the midbrain pain modulator located?

A

periaquaductal grey

Located in tegmentum

31
Q

What pathway originates in M1 and goes down?

What are the medullary pyramids?

A

Motor pathway.

M1 has descending corticospinal neurons.

Go down past medullary pyramid (where they cross, left/right hemisphere)
Down past spinal cord

Medullary pyramids are to motor system as optic chiasm is to visual system

32
Q

What does the insula do?

A

Act as interface between old brain / new brain

Key role in many motivated behaviors

‘interface between body-state and brain-state’

33
Q

What does the longitudinal fissure do?

What is the falx?

A

Separates hemispheres

Falx is some dura mater on the longitudinal fissure?

Saggital slice

34
Q

Where is the central sulcus?

A

Separates frontal lobe and parietal lobe

Coronal slice

35
Q

Where is the lateral fissure?

A

Separates frontal/parietal from temoral lobe

Horizontal slice

36
Q

Parietal lobe functions

A

Somatosensation - sensory integration; appreciation of spatial representation

Take separate sensory components and unify them into one view of the world

Higher-order representations of similar stimuli

37
Q

Temporal lobe function

A

Language, learning/memory, olfaction, audition

38
Q

Frontal lobe function

A

everything leads here

39
Q

What do VTA neurons do?

Where is nucleus accumbens / vta?

A

Denote rewarding properties of stimulus by releasing dopamine in the nucleus accumbens

VTA in midbrain

Nucleus accumbens much more forward - in forebrain

VTA connected to accumbens by a pathway (‘medial forebrain bundle’)

40
Q

What proteins form gap junction between some neurons? Where?

A

Connexons can form gap junctions between two neurons

(happens earlier in the visual system)

Happens so that action potentials can propegate more quickly

41
Q

What is a multipolar neuron?

A

Lots of dendrites, one axon

42
Q

What is a bipolar neuron?

A

One dendrite, one axon

43
Q

What is an apolar neuron?

A

No neurons or axons, only soma

44
Q

What is a unipolar neuron?

A

Only one neuron leaving the cell body

45
Q
A

Psychopharmacology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions