Self Study Flashcards

(29 cards)

1
Q

What is the myelencephalon also called? What CNS division is it part of?

A

Medulla

Hindbrain

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2
Q

What structures are in the metencephalon?

What CNS division is it part of?

A

Cerebellum, pons.

Part of hindbrain

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3
Q

What structures are in the diencephalon?

What CNS division is it part of?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus

Part of forebrain

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4
Q

What structures are in the telencephalon?

A

Neocortex, basal ganglia, limbic system

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5
Q

What structure in the pons contains 100+ nuclei?

A

Reticular formation

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6
Q

What nucleus in the reticular formation is the source of neurepinephrine in the brain?

A

Locus coeruleus

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7
Q

Why does amphetamine cause increased alertness?

A

Locus coeruleus is activated, sends out NE

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8
Q

What nuclei are the source of most serotonin in the brain?

A

Dorsal and median raphe nucleu

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9
Q

Does serotonin have an excitatory or inhibitory effect on neural function?

A

Inhibitory

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10
Q

What connects the cerebellum to the pons?

A

Bundles of axons called cerebellar peduncles

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11
Q

What in the tectum is part of the visual system? Auditory?

A

Visual: superior colliculi
Auditory: inferior colliculi

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12
Q

Where is the periaquaductal gray?

A

Surrounds cerebral aquaduct connecting third and fourth ventricles

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13
Q

What structure does the substantia nigra innervate?

What is this called?

A

Striatum

Nigrostriatal tract

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14
Q

What does the nigrostriatal tract do?

A

Initiate/modulate movement through dopaminergic projections

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15
Q

Which structure connects to what in the mesolimbic tract?

A

VTA projects to nucleus accumbens, amygdala, olfactory tubercle, septum… limbic system

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16
Q

What connects to what in the mesocortical tract?

A

VTA projects to prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, entorhinal areas

17
Q

Where does the thalamus send processed information to?

A

Appropriate cerebral cortex structure (ex. Lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus gets visual information, then sends to occipital lobe)

18
Q

How is the hypothalamus divided?

A

A shitload of nuclei (hundreds), each involved in adjusting the autonomic nervous system / endocrine system

19
Q

Where do hypothalamic axons generally project to?

A

Descend from brainstem to nuclei of cranial nerves involved in parasympathetic control

Also other axons involved in sympathetic control

20
Q

What is the gyrus posterior to the central sulcus called? What is its functional name?

A

Postcentral gyrus

Somatosensory cortex

21
Q

What structures are in the striatum?

A

Caudate and putamen

Ventral striatum has nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle

22
Q

What is a nucleus in neuroanatomy?

A

Collection of neurons in the CNS that serve a common purpose

Connected to other nuclei by tracts

23
Q

What is a tract?

What are some other names for them?

A

Bundle of nerve fibers in CNS that connect nuclei

Also called commissure, fasciculus, or decussation

24
Q

What is specific about a commissure?

A

Connects the two hemispheres at the same levels (eg corpus callosum, posterior commissure)

25
What is specific to a decussation?
Connection by fibers that cross at different levels
26
What is a ganglion?
Neuronal clusters with a common function in the PNS
27
What are the fascicles of nerve fibers in the PNS called?
Nerves
28
What are the structures of the forebrain?
Diencephalon and telencephalon Hypothalamus, thalamus, basal ganglia (striatum - caudate nucleus & putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra), cortex
29
What are the structures of the basal ganglia?
Caudate nucleus & putamen (striatum), globus pallidus, substantia nigra