Self Study Flashcards
What is the myelencephalon also called? What CNS division is it part of?
Medulla
Hindbrain
What structures are in the metencephalon?
What CNS division is it part of?
Cerebellum, pons.
Part of hindbrain
What structures are in the diencephalon?
What CNS division is it part of?
Thalamus, hypothalamus
Part of forebrain
What structures are in the telencephalon?
Neocortex, basal ganglia, limbic system
What structure in the pons contains 100+ nuclei?
Reticular formation
What nucleus in the reticular formation is the source of neurepinephrine in the brain?
Locus coeruleus
Why does amphetamine cause increased alertness?
Locus coeruleus is activated, sends out NE
What nuclei are the source of most serotonin in the brain?
Dorsal and median raphe nucleu
Does serotonin have an excitatory or inhibitory effect on neural function?
Inhibitory
What connects the cerebellum to the pons?
Bundles of axons called cerebellar peduncles
What in the tectum is part of the visual system? Auditory?
Visual: superior colliculi
Auditory: inferior colliculi
Where is the periaquaductal gray?
Surrounds cerebral aquaduct connecting third and fourth ventricles
What structure does the substantia nigra innervate?
What is this called?
Striatum
Nigrostriatal tract
What does the nigrostriatal tract do?
Initiate/modulate movement through dopaminergic projections
Which structure connects to what in the mesolimbic tract?
VTA projects to nucleus accumbens, amygdala, olfactory tubercle, septum… limbic system
What connects to what in the mesocortical tract?
VTA projects to prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, entorhinal areas
Where does the thalamus send processed information to?
Appropriate cerebral cortex structure (ex. Lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus gets visual information, then sends to occipital lobe)
How is the hypothalamus divided?
A shitload of nuclei (hundreds), each involved in adjusting the autonomic nervous system / endocrine system
Where do hypothalamic axons generally project to?
Descend from brainstem to nuclei of cranial nerves involved in parasympathetic control
Also other axons involved in sympathetic control
What is the gyrus posterior to the central sulcus called? What is its functional name?
Postcentral gyrus
Somatosensory cortex
What structures are in the striatum?
Caudate and putamen
Ventral striatum has nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle
What is a nucleus in neuroanatomy?
Collection of neurons in the CNS that serve a common purpose
Connected to other nuclei by tracts
What is a tract?
What are some other names for them?
Bundle of nerve fibers in CNS that connect nuclei
Also called commissure, fasciculus, or decussation
What is specific about a commissure?
Connects the two hemispheres at the same levels (eg corpus callosum, posterior commissure)
What is specific to a decussation?
Connection by fibers that cross at different levels
What is a ganglion?
Neuronal clusters with a common function in the PNS
What are the fascicles of nerve fibers in the PNS called?
Nerves
What are the structures of the forebrain?
Diencephalon and telencephalon
Hypothalamus, thalamus, basal ganglia (striatum - caudate nucleus & putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra), cortex
What are the structures of the basal ganglia?
Caudate nucleus & putamen (striatum), globus pallidus, substantia nigra
